Stephen M. Watt, Publications

Computer Algebra

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

P163.Symbolic Mathematical Computation 1965--1975: The emergence of a discipline, Robert M. Corless, Arthur C. Norman, Tomas Recio, William J. Turkel and Stephen M. Watt, Journal of Symbolic Computation, Vol. 138, No. 102604, 2027, (24 pages), DOI 10.1016/j.jsc.2026.102604.
P161.On GPU Implementation for Multi-Precision Integer Division, Martin B. Marchioro, Aske N. Raahauge, Marc I. Løvenskjold, Cosmin E. Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2026 Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2026), Bath, UK, Aug 31-Sept 4 2026, Springer LNCS (to appear), (21 pages), DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2606.06386.
P157.Software Portability for Computer Algebra, Arthur C. Norman and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2025 Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, Dubai, UAE, Nov 24-28 2025, Springer LNCS 16235, pp. 286-311, DOI 10.1007/978-3-032-09645-6_16.
P154.Semi-Centennial REDUCE, Arthur C. Norman and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Timişoara, Romania, Sept 22-25 2025, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 37-44, DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2505.01103.
P153.Symbolic Mathematical Computation 1965--1975: The View from a Half-Century Perspective, Robert M. Corless, Arthur C. Norman, Tomas Recio, William J. Turkel and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2025 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computing, Guanajuato, Mexico, July 28-Aug 1 2025, ACM Press, pp. 140-149, DOI 10.1145/3747199.3747556.
P152.A Symbolic Computing Perspective on Software Systems, Arthur C. Norman and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Languages, Compilers, Analysis - From Beautiful Theory to Useful Practice: Essays Dedicated to Alan Mycroft on the Occasion of His Retirement, Cambridge, UK, Dec 1 2023, Springer LNCS 15500, pp. 33-50, DOI 10.1007/978-3-032-08187-2_3.
P151.GPU Implementations for Midsize Integer Addition and Multiplication, Cosmin E. Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Languages, Compilers, Analysis - From Beautiful Theory to Useful Practice: Essays Dedicated to Alan Mycroft on the Occasion of His Retirement, Cambridge, UK, Dec 1 2023, Springer LNCS 15500, pp. 51-79, DOI 10.1007/978-3-032-08187-2_4.
P150.An Abstraction-Preserving Block Matrix Implementation in Maple, Stephen M. Watt and David Jeffrey, Proc. 26th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2024), Timişoara, Romania, Sept 16-19 2024, IEEE (to appear), (4 pages), DOI 10.1109/synasc65383.2024.00021.
P149.Computing Clipped Products, Arthur C. Norman and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 27th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2024), Rennes, France, Sept 2-6 2024, Springer LNCS 14938, pp. 273-291, DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-69070-9_16.
P146.Algorithms for Recursive Block Matrices, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Matrices and Polynomials in Computer Algebra (LALO 60), London, Canada, July 22-24 2024, (to appear), DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2407.03976.
P145.Telescopers for Differential Forms with One Parameter, Shaoshi Chen, Ruyong Feng, Ziming Li, Michael F. Singer and S.M. Watt, Selecta Mathematica New Series, Vol. 30, No. 36, 2024, DOI 10.1007/s00029-024-00926-6.
P144.Hybrid Intervals and Symbolic Block Matrices, Mike Ghesquiere and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 25th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2023), Nancy, France, Sept 11-14 2023, IEEE, pp. 33-41, DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2311.16571.
P141.Efficient Quotients of Non-Commutative Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 25th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2023), Havana, Cuba, Aug 28-Sept 1 2023, Springer LNCS 14139, pp. 370-392, DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-41724-5_20.
P140.Efficient Generic Quotients Using Exact Arithmetic, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2023 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2023), Tromsø, Norway, July 24-27 2023, ACM, pp. 535-544, DOI 10.1145/3597066.3597076.
P139.Two Methods for Efficient Generic Inversion (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 5th Interntional Conference on Computer Algebra (CCAS 2023), Moscow, Russia (online), June 26-28 2023, Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 18-22.
P138.Working with Families of Inverse Functions, David J. Jeffrey and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 15th Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2022), Tbilisi, Georgia, Sept 19-23 2022, Springer LNAI 13467, pp. 222-237, DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-16681-5_16.
P137.Detecting Implicit Indeterminates in Symbolic Computation, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 24th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2022), Linz, Austria, Sept 12-15 2022, IEEE, pp. 43-50, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC57785.2022.00016.
P135.A Review of Algorithms for Symbolic Domains (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 21st International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2019), Timişoara Romania, Sept 4-7 2019, IEEE, pp. 22, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC49474.2019.00013.
P110.Computational Tools for Mathematical Collaboration (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 13th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2011), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-29 2011, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 16-18, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC.2011.64.
P103.Symbolic Domain Decomposition, Jacques Carette, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 17th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanised Reasoning (Calculemus 2010), Paris, France, July 6-7 2010, Springer Verlag LNAI 6167, pp. 172-188, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-14128-7_16.
P99.On the Future of Computer Algebra Systems at the Threshold of 2010, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Joint Conference of ASCM 2009 and MACIS 2009: Asian Symposium of Computer Mathematics and Mathematical Aspects of Computer and Information Sciences (MACIS 2009), Fukuoka, Japan, Dec 14-17 2009, COE Lecture Note Vol. 22, Kyushu University, pp. 422-430, ISSN 1881-4042.
P97.Computing with Abstract Matrix Structures, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2009 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2009), Seoul, South Korea, July 28-31 2009, ACM Press, pp. 325-332, DOI 10.1145/1576702.1576747.
P93.Algorithms for the Functional Decomposition of Laurent Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management (Calculemus 2009), Grand Bend, Canada, July 6-7 2009, Springer Verlag LNAI 5625, pp. 186-200, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02614-0_18.
P92.Reasoning with Generic Cases in the Arithmetic of Abstract Matrices, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management (Calculemus 2009), Grand Bend, Canada, July 6-7 2009, Springer Verlag LNAI 5625, pp. 138-153, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02614-0_15.
P88.Abstract Matrix Arithmetic, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2008), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-29 2008, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 61-68, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC.2008.85.
P80.Functional Decomposition of Symbolic Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Computatioanl Sciences and its Applications (ICCSA 2008), Perugia, Italy, June 30-July 3 2008, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 353-362, DOI 10.1109/ICCSA.2008.23.
P79.Symbolic Polynomials with Sparse Exponents, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Milestones in Computer Algebra: a Conference in Honour of Keith Geddes' 60th Birthday (MICA 2008), Stonehaven Bay, Trinidad and Tobago, May 1-3 2008, University of Western Ontario, pp. 91-97, ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7.
P71.What Happened to Languages for Symbolic Mathematical Computation?, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Programming Languages for Mechanized Mathematics (PLMMS), Hagenberg, Austria, June 29-30 2007, RISC-Linz, pp. 81-90.
P67.Two Families of Algorithms for Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, in Computer Algebra 2006: Latest Advances in Symbolic Algorithms -- Proceedings of the Waterloo Workshop, I. Kotsireas and E. Zima (eds.), World Scientific 2007, 2007, pp. 193-210, DOI 10.1142/9789812778857_0012.
P61.Pivot-Free Block Matrix Inversion, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2006), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-29 2006, IEEE Press, pp. 151-155, DOI 10.1109/synasc.2006.61.
P57.Making Computer Algebra More Symbolic (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Transgressive Computing 2006: A conference in honor or Jean Della Dora (TC 2006), Granada Spain, Apr 24-26 2006, pp. 43-49.
P55.Component-Free Vector Algebra in Aldor, Songxin Liang, David J. Jeffrey and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Transgressive Computing 2006: A conference in honor or Jean Della Dora (TC 2006), Granada Spain, Apr 24-26 2006, pp. 415-418.
P50.Domains and Expressions: An interface between two approaches to computer algebra, C. Oancea and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2005), Beijing China, July 24-27 2005, ACM Press, pp. 261-268, DOI 10.1145/1073884.1073921.
P47.Generalization in Maple, Cosmin Oancea, Clare So and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, Waterloo Canada, July 17-21 2005, Maplesoft, pp. 377-382.
P42.QR Factoring to Compute the GCD of Univariate Approximate Polynomials, Robert M. Corless, Stephen M. Watt and Lihong Zhi, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 52, No. 12, December 2004, 2004, pp. 3394-3402, DOI 10.1109/TSP.2004.837413.
P41.Parametric Polymorphism for Computer Algebra Software Components, Y. Chicha, M. Lloyd, C. Oancea and S.M. Watt, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computation (SYNASC 2004), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-30 2004, MITRON Press, pp. 119-130, ISBN 973-661-441-7.
P36.A Framework for Using Aldor Libraries with Maple, C. Oancea and S.M. Watt, Actas de los Encuentros de Algebra Computacional y Aplicaciones (EACA) 2004, Santander Spain, July 1-3 2004, Universitad de Cantabria,, pp. 219-224, ISBN 84-688-6988-04.
P33.Hybrid Methods, R.M. Corless, E.L. Kaltofen and S.M. Watt, in Handbook of Computer Algebra, chapter 2.12.3, J. Grabmeier, E. Kaltofen and V. Weispfenning (eds.), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2003, 2003, pp. 112-125, ISBN 3-540-65466-6.
P30.Reasoning about the Elementary Functions of Complex Analysis, R.J. Bradford, R.M. Corless, J.H. Davenport, D.J. Jeffrey and S.M. Watt, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 36, 2002, 2002, pp. 303-318, DOI 10.1023/A:1016007415899.
P22.A Geometric-Numeric Algorithm for Absolute Factorization of Multivariate Polynomials, R.M. Corless, A. Galligo, I.S. Kotsireas and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2002), Lille France, July 7-10 2002, ACM Press 2002, pp. 37-45, DOI 10.1145/780506.780512.
P19.Towards Factoring Bivariate Approximate Polynomials, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, M. van Hoeij, I.S. Kotsireas and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2001), London Candada, July 23-25 2001, ACM Press 2001, pp. 85-92, DOI 10.1145/384101.384114.
P18.“According to Abramowitz and Stegun” or arccoth needn't be uncouth, R.M. Corless, J.H. Davenport, D.J. Jeffrey and S.M. Watt, ACM SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 2, Issue 132 June 2000 (Special Issue on OpenMath), 2000, pp. 58-65, DOI 10.1145/362001.362023.
P17.Reasoning about the Elementary Functions of Complex Analysis, R.M. Corless, J.H. Davenport, D.J. Jeffrey, G. Litt and S.M. Watt, Proc. Artificial Intelligence with Symbolic Computation (AISC 2000), Madrid, Spain, July 17-19 2000, Springer Verlag, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 1930, pp. 115-126, DOI 10.1007/3-540-44990-6_9.
P16.Numerical Implicitization of Parametric Hypersurfaces with Linear Algebra, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, I. Kotsireas and S.M. Watt, Proc. Artificial Intelligence with Symbolic Computation (AISC 2000), Madrid, Spain, July 17-19 2000, Springer Verlag, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 1930, pp. 174-183, DOI 10.1007/3-540-44990-6_13.
P15.Approximate Polynomial Decomposition, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, D.J. Jeffrey and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 1999), Vancouver, Canada, July 28-31 1999, ACM Press 1999, pp. 213-219, DOI 10.1145/309831.309939.
P14.A Numerical Absolute Primality Test for Bivariate Polynomials, A. Galligo and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 1997), Kihei, Hawaii, USA, July 21-23 1997, ACM Press 1997, pp. 217-224, DOI 10.1145/258726.258788.
P12.The Singular Value Decomposition for Approximate Polynomial Systems, R.M. Corless, P.M. Gianni, B.M. Trager and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 1995), Montreal, Canada, July 10-12 1995, ACM Press 1995, pp. 195-207, DOI 10.1145/220346.220371.
P9.Algebraic Simplification and Automatic Differentiation (Invited), S.M. Watt, Proc. Workshop Report on the First Theory Institute on Computational Differentiation, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, May 24-26 1993, ANL/MCS-TM-183, pp. 34-35.
P8.Some Examples of Domains and Packages, S.M. Watt and R.S. Sutor, in Axiom: The Scientific Computation System, chapter 9, R.D. Jenks and R.S. Sutor, Springer Verlag, New York 1992, 1992, pp. 309-480, ISBN 0-387-97885-0, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-2940-7_11.
P6.A Fixed Point Method For Power Series Computation, S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 1988), Rome, Italy, July 4-8 1988, Springer Verlag 1989, LNCS, No. 358, pp. 206-217, DOI 10.1007/3-540-51084-2_19.
P5.Infinite Structures in Scratchpad II, W.H. Burge and S.M. Watt, Proc. 1987 European Conference on Computer Algebra (EUROCAL 87), Leipzig, German Democratic Republic, June 2-5 1987, Springer Verlag 1989, LNCS, No. 378, pp. 138-148, DOI 10.1007/3-540-51517-8_103.
P4.Scratchpad II: An Abstract Datatype System for Mathematical Computation, R.D. Jenks, R.S. Sutor and S.M. Watt, Proc. IMA Workshop on Scientific Software, Minnesota, USA, Mar 23-26 1987, Mathematical Aspects of Scientific Software, J. R. Rice ed., IMA Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications, Vol 14, Springer-Verlag 1988, pp. 157-182, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-7074-1_7.
P3.Algorithms for Linear Ordinary Differential Operators, J. Della Dora and S.M. Watt, Proc. Computers and Mathematics Conference, Stanford, California, July 30-Aug 1 1986, (accepted, volume did not appear).
P2.A System for Parallel Computer Algebra Programs, S.M. Watt, Proc. 1985 European Conference on Computer Algebra (EUROCAL'85), Linz, Austria, Apr 1-3 1985, Springer Verlag, LNCS, No. 204, pp. 537-538, DOI 10.1007/3-540-15984-3_325.
P1.On the Design and Performance of the Maple System, B.W. Char, G.J. Fee, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Proc. 1984 Macsyma Users' Conference, Schenectady, New York, July 23-25 1984, General Electric Corporation, pp. 199-219.

Books

B10.First Leaves: A Tutorial Introduction to Maple V, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Springer Verlag New York 1992, (xviii + 253 pages), ISBN 0-387-97621-3, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-6996-1.
B9.Maple V Language Reference Manual, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Springer Verlag New York 1991, (xv + 267 pages), ISBN 0-387-97622-1, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-7386-9.
B8.Maple V Library Reference Manual, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Springer Verlag New York 1991, (xxv + 698 pages), ISBN 0-387-97592-6, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-2133-1.
B7.First Leaves for the Macintosh: A Tutorial Introduction to Maple, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Brooks-Cole, Pacific Grove, California, 1989, ISBN 0-534-10222-0.
B6.First Leaves: A Tutorial Introduction to Maple, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Watcom Publications, Waterloo, 1988, ISBN 0-921329-68-7.
B5.Maple Reference Manual, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Watcom Publications, Waterloo, 1988, ISBN 0-921329-15-6.
B3.Maple User's Guide, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet and S.M. Watt, Watcom Publications, Waterloo, 1985, ISBN 0-919884-51-2.

Theses

B4.Bounded Parallelism in Computer Algebra, Stephen M. Watt, Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, U. Waterloo (Canada), 1986, (viii + 110 pages), supervisor: K.O. Geddes.

Editorial Works

E26.SCSS 2024: 10th International Symposium on Symbolic Computation in Software Science, Stephen Watt and Tetsuo Ida (editors), Springer LNAI 14991, 2024, DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-69042-6.
E25.SCSS 2024 WiP: 10th International Symposium on Symbolic Computation in Software Science -- Work in Progress Workshop, Katsusuke Nabeshima and Stephen Watt (editors), Vol. ceur-ws.org/vol-3754, CEUR-WS.org, 2024.
E24.SYNASC 2017: 19th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Tudor Jebelean, Viorel Negru, Dana Petcu, Daniela Zaharie Tetsuo Ida and Stephen Watt (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2018.
E22.SYNASC 2016: 18th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, James Davenport, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt and Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2017.
E23.Symbolic Numeric Computation, Jan Verschelde, Stephen M. Watt and Lihong Zhi (editors), Theoretical Computer Science (Special Issue), Vol. 681, No. 12 June, Elsevier, 2016.
E21.SYNASC 2015: 17th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Laura Kovacs, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt and Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2016.
E20.SYNASC 2014: 16th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Franz Winkler, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt and Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2015.
E19.Workshop and Work in Progress Papers at CICM 2014, Matthew England, James H. Davenport, Andrea Kohlhase, Michael Kohlhase, Paul Libbrecht, Walther Neuper, Pedro Quaresma, Alan Sexton, Petr Sojka, Josef Urban and Stephen Watt (editors), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2014, ISSN 1613-0073.
E18.Proceedings of the 2014 International Symposium on Symbolic-Numeric Computation, Stephen M. Watt, Jan Verschelde and Lihong Zhi (editors), ACM Press, New York, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4503-2963-7.
E17.Intelligent Computer Mathematics: International Conference CICM 2014, Stephen M. Watt, James H. Davenport, Alan P. Sexton, Petr Sojka and Josef Urban (editors), Springer Verlag LNAI 8543, 2014, ISBN 978-3-319-08433-6, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08434-3.
E16.SYNASC 2013: 15th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Nikolaj Bjorner, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt and Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4799-3035-7.
E15.SYNASC 2012: 14th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Andrei Voronkov, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt and Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7695-4934-7.
E14.Selected papers from ISSAC 2010 (Special Issue of the Journal of Symbolic Computation), Wolfram Koepf and Stephen M. Watt (editors), Journal of Symbolic Computation (Special Issue), Vol. 49, No. 1, Elsevier, 2013.
E13.SYNASC 2011: 13th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Dongming Wang, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt and Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2012, ISBN 978-0-7695-4630-8.
E12.Milestones in Computer Algebra (Special Issue of the Journal of Symbolic Computation), Mark W. Giesbrecht and Stephen M. Watt (editors), Journal of Symbolic Computation (Special Issue), Vol. 46, No. 7, Elsevier, 2011, pp. 735-740, DOI 10.1016/j.jsc.2010.08.009.
E11.SYNASC 2010: 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, IEEE Computer Society, 2011, ISBN 978-0-7695-4324-6.
E10.2010 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2010), Stephen M. Watt (editors), ACM Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4503-0150-3, DOI 10.1145/1837934.
E9.SYNASC 2009: 11th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Tetsuo Ida, Viorel Negru, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt and Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7695-3964-5.
E8.Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, Jacques Carette, Lucas Dixon, Claudio Sacerdoti Coen and Stephen M. Watt (editors), Springer Verlag, LNAI 5625, 2009, ISBN 978-3-642-02613-3.
E7.Proceedings of Milestones in Computer Algebra MICA 2008: A conference in honour of Keith Geddes' 60th birthday, Marc Moreno Maza and Stephen M. Watt (editors), University of Western Ontario, 2008, ISBN 978-1-59593-744-5.
E6.Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Symbolic-Numeric Computation (SNC'07), Jan Verschelde and Stephen M. Watt (editors), ACM Press New York, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7, DOI 10.1145/1277500.
E5.Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Parallel Symbolic Computation (PASCO'07), Marc Moreno Maza and Stephen M. Watt (editors), ACM Press New York, 2007, ISBN 978-1-59593-741-4.
E4.Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings 06271: Challenges in Symbolic Computation Software, W. Decker, M. Dewar, E. Kaltofen and S.M. Watt (editors), 2006.
E3.Symbolic-Numeric Algebra for Polynomials, S.M. Watt and H.J. Stetter (editors), Journal of Symbolic Computation (Special Issue), Vol. 26, No. 6, 1998.
E2.Proceedings of the 1991 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, S. M. Watt (editors), ACM Press New York, 1991, ISBN 0-89791-437-6, DOI 10.1145/120694.
E1.Computers and Mathematics, E. Kaltofen and S.M. Watt (editors), Springer Verlag New York, 1989, ISBN 0-387-97019-3.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

A47.Parallel Multiprecision Arithmetic the Easy Way, Cosmin E. Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, MycroftFest Symposium (MycroftFest 2023), Cambridge, UK, Dec 1 2023, (11 pages).
A46.A Symbolic Computing Perspective on Software Systems, Arthur C. Norman and Stephen M. Watt, MycroftFest Symposium (MycroftFest 2023), Cambridge, UK, Dec 1 2023.
A45.An Implementation of Generic Skew Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, Maple Conference 2023, Waterloo, Canada, Oct 27-28 2023.
A43.Questioning the Assumptions Behind Symbolic Computation Systems (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 23rd International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2021), Timişoara Romania, Dec 7-10 2021, IEEE Computer Society, pp. xx.
A42.Web Technologies for the Next Generation of Symbolic Computation (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 22nd International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2020), Timişoara Romania, Sept 1-4 2021.
A41.Telescopers for Differential Forms with One Parameter, Shaoshi Chen, Ruyong Feng, Ziming Li, Michael F. Singer and S.M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2019), Montréal, Canada, July 16-20 2019.
A40.Algorithms for Polynomials in Legendre-Sobolev Bases, S.M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2019), Montréal, Canada, July 16-20 2019.
A36.Specialization of Symbolic Polynomials, S.M. Watt, International Conference on Algebraic Informatics (CAI 2017), Kalamata, Greece, June 25-28 2017.
A34.Putting "Symbolic" into Symbolic Computation (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Semantic Representation of Mathematical Knowledge Workshop (SCL 2016), Toronto, Canada, Feb 3-5 2016.
A26.Symbolic Symbolic Computation (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Tunisa-Japan Workshop on Symbolic Computation in Software Science, Gammarth, Tunisia, Sept 22-24 2009.
A25.Algorithms for the Functional Decomposition of Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Polynomial Computer Algebra, Euler International Mathematical Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Apr 4-12 2009.
A24.Functional Decomposition Theorems for Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Timişoara, Romania, Sept 26-29 2008.
A18.On the Functional Decomposition of Multivariate Laurent Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, (ECCAD 2008), Shepherdstown WV, USA, May 10 2008, DOI 10.1145/1394042.1394099.
A17.A Note on the Functional Decomposition of Symbolic Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Milestones in Computer Algebra: a Conference in Honour of Keith Geddes' 60th Birthday (MICA 2008), Stonehaven Bay, Trinidad and Tobago, May 1-3 2008, University of Western Ontario, pp. 215-216, ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7.
A15.Sparse Exponents in Symbolic Polynomials, Matthew Malenfant and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Symposium on Algebraic Geometry and Its Applications: in honor of the 60th birthday of Gilles Lachaud (SAGA 2007), Papeete, Tahiti, May 7-11 2007, (2 pages).
A13.Algorithms for Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 9th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2006), Chişinau, Moldova, Sept 11-15 2006, Springer Verlag LNCS 4194, pp. 302, DOI 10.1007/11870814_26.
A11.Symbolic Computation versus Computer Algebra, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2006 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2006), Varna, Bulgaria, June 26-29 2006.
A10.An Abstract, Coordinate-Free, Vector Algebra Package, Songxin Liang, David J. Jeffrey and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Asian Symposium on Computer Mathematics (ASCM 2005), Seoul Korea, Dec 8-10 2005.
A9.On the Approximate GCD in Initial Value Problems, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2005 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2005), Nara, Japan, July 31-Aug 3 2005.
A4.Approximate Polynomial Decomposition, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, D.J. Jeffrey, Xianping Liu and S.M. Watt, Proc. 1999 Frisco Workshop, Oxford, UK, Apr 28-29 1999, FRISCO Consortium ESPRIT LTR 21.024, pp. 6-8.
A3.Absolute Factorization of Bivariate Polynomials with Floating Point Coefficients, A. Galligo and S.M. Watt, 1996 Symposium on Symbolic-Numeric Algebra for Polynomials, Sophia Antipolis, France, July 15-17 1996, INRIA 1996.

Research Reports (not subsequently published elsewhere)

R4.Bounded Parallelism in Computer Algebra, S.M. Watt, Research Report, CS-86-12, U. Waterloo, 1986.
R3.Factorisation d'Opérateurs Différentiels du Second Ordre, J. Della Dora and S.M. Watt, Research report, RR 634 -M-, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble TIM3, Nov 1986.
R2.On the Design and Performance of the Maple System (extended version), B.W. Char, G.J. Fee, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Research report, CS-84-13, University of Waterloo, 1984.
R1.Arrays and Tables in Maple, S.M. Watt, Research report, CS-83-10, University of Waterloo, 1983.

Selected Other Contributions

O14.Thematic Program in Computer Algebra, ACM Communications in Computer Algebra, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2016, pp. 25-26.
O11.Two Algorithms for Symbolic Polynomials (Preliminary Version), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Dagstuhl Seminar 06271: Challenges in Symbolic Computation Software, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, July 2-7 2006.
O10.Coxeter Lattice Paths, T.J. Ashby, A.D. Kennedy and S.M. Watt, Proc. Dagstuhl Seminar 06271: Challenges in Symbolic Computation Software, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, July 2-7 2006.
O8.Approximate Computation of Pseudovarieties, R.M. Corless, Hiroshi Kai and S.M. Watt, SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 3, Issue 145, September 2003, 2003, pp. 67-71.
O6.Report on the SNAP minisymposium at SIAM '98, R.M. Corless and S.M. Watt, ACM SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 2, Issue 124, 1998, 1998, pp. 35-37.
O3.Streams and Power Series, W.H. Burge, S.M. Watt and S.C. Morrison, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, Nov 1, 1987, 1987, pp. 9-12.
O2.Mappings as First Class Objects, S.M. Watt and W.H. Burge, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, Nov 1, 1987, 1987, pp. 13-17.
O1.Algebra Snapshot: Linear Ordinary Differential Operators, S.M. Watt and J. Della Dora, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 2, Jan 15 1986, 1986, pp. 14-18.

Programming Languages and Compilers

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

P160.Look Before You Leap: Checking In on Type Tag Checking, Stephen M Watt, Proc. 2026 Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2026), Bath, UK, Aug 31-Sept 4 2026, Springer LNCS (to appear), (21 pages), DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2606.05466.
P119.Lightweight Abstraction for Mathematical Computation in Java, Pavel Bourdykine and Stephen Watt, Proc. Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2012), Maribor, Slovenia, Sept 3-6 2012, Springer Verlag LNCS 7442, pp. 47-59, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32973-9_5.
P108.An Architecture for Generic Extensions, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Science of Computer Programming, Vol. 76, No. 4, April 2011, 2011, pp. 258-277, DOI 10.1016/j.scico.2009.09.008.
P105.An Analytic Model for Colluding Processes, Stephen M. Watt, Vestnik Tambov University: Natural and Technical Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1730-1747, ISSN 1810-0198.
P104.Type Specialization in Aldor, Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 12th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing (CASC 2010), Tsakhkadzor, Armenia, Sept 5-12 2010, Springer Verlag LNCS 6244, pp. 73-84, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-15274-0_7.
P91.A New Approach to Parallelising Tracing Algorithms, Cosmin E. Oancea, Alan Mycroft and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2009 International Symposium on Memory Management (ISMM 2009), Dublin, Ireland, June 19-20 2009, ACM Press, pp. 10-19, DOI 10.1145/1542431.1542434.
P83.Adaptive libraries and interactive code generation for Common Lisp, Geoff Wozniak, Mark Daley and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 5th European Lisp Workshop (ELW '08), Paphos, Cyprus, July 7 2008.
P73.Generation and Optimization of Code using Coxeter Lattice Paths (Invited), Thomas J. Ashby, Anthony D. Kennedy and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Parallel Symbolic Computation (PASCO'07), Waterloo, Canada, July 27-28 2007, ACM Press, pp. 1-10, DOI 10.1145/1278177.1278179.
P72.Multiprocessed Parallelism Support in ALDOR on SMPs and Multicores, Marc Moreno Maza, Ben Stephenson, Stephen M. Watt and Yuzhen Xie, Proc. Parallel Symbolic Computation (PASCO'07), Waterloo, Canada, July 27-28 2007, ACM Press, pp. 60-68, DOI 10.1145/1278177.1278187.
P69.Generic Programming Techniques in Aldor, Manuel Bronstein, Marc Moreno Maza and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Fifth Asian Workshop on Foundations of Software (AWFS), Xiamen, China, June 1-3 2007, Universiyt of Xiamen, pp. 72-77.
P68.Dynamic ADTs: a "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy for Data Abstraction, Geoff Wozniak, Mark Daley and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Lisp Conference (ILC), Cambridge UK, Apr 1-4 2007, Association of Lisp Users, pp. 209-220, DOI 10.1145/1622123.1622152.
P66.A Localized Tracing Scheme applied to Garbage Collection, Yannis Chicha and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. The Fourth Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and Systems (APLAS 2006), Sydney, Australia, Nov 8-10 2006, Springer Verlag LNCS 4279, pp. 323-339, DOI 10.1007/11924661_20.
P64.Generic Library Extension in a Heterogeneous Environment, Cosmin E. Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Library Centric Software Design (LCSD 2006), Portland OR, USA, Oct 22 2006, pp. 25-34.
P63.Post Facto Type Extension for Mathematical Programming, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Domain-Specific Aspect Languages (SIGPLAN/SIGSOFT DSAL 2006), Portland OR, USA, Oct 23 2006, pp. 26-31, DOI 10.1145/1178621.1178624.
P60.A Technique for Generic Iteration and Its Optimization, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Generic Programming 2006 (WGP 2006), Portland Oregon, USA, Sept 16 2006, ACM, pp. 76-86, DOI 10.1145/1159861.1159872.
P58.On the Performance of Parametric Polymorphism in Maple, Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Maple Conference 2006 (MSC 2006), Waterloo Canada, July 23-26 2006, Maplesoft, pp. 35-42.
P53.Parametric Polymorphism for Software Component Architectures, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 20th Annual ACM Conference on Object Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA'05), San Diego USA, Oct 16-20 2005, ACM Press, pp. 147-166, DOI 10.1145/1094811.1094823.
P52.Performance Analysis of Generics for Scientific Computing, Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 7th Internatioanl Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms in Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2005), Timişoara Romania, Sept 25-29 2005, IEEE Press, pp. 93-100, DOI 10.1109/synasc.2005.56.
P48.Parametric Polymorphism Optimization for Deeply Nested Types in Computer Algebra, Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, Waterloo Canada, July 17-21 2005, Maplesoft, pp. 243-259.
P44.Distributed Models of Thread-Level Speculation, C. Oancea, J.W.A. Selby, M.W. Giesbrecht and S.M. Watt, Proc. 2005 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA'05), Las Vagas USA, June 27-30 2005, CSREA Press, pp. 920-927, ISBN 1-932415-58-0/59-9/60-2/61-0.
P38.Debugging A High-Level Language via a Unified Interpreter and Compiler Runtime Environment (Extended Version), J. Cai, M. Moreno Maza, S.M. Watt and M. Dunstan, Proc. Tenth International Conference on Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2004), Beaumont Texas, July 21-23 2004, Lamar University,, pp. 125-138, ISBN 0-9759946-0-3.
P37.Debugging A High-Level Language via a Unified Interpreter and Compiler Runtime Environment, J. Cai, M. Moreno Maza, S.M. Watt and M. Dunstan, Actas de los Encuentros de Algebra Computacional y Aplicaciones (EACA) 2004, Santander Spain, July 1-3 2004, Universitad de Cantabria,, pp. 119-124, ISBN 84-688-6988-04.
P31.Aldor, S.M. Watt, in Handbook of Computer Algebra, chapter 4.1.2, J. Grabmeier, E. Kaltofen and V. Weispfenning (eds.), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2003, 2003, pp. 265-270, ISBN 3-540-65466-6.
P28.A Study in the Integration of Computer Algebra Systems: Memory Management in a Maple-Aldor Environment (Invited), S.M. Watt, Proc. International Congress of Mathematical Software (ICMS), Beijing China, Aug 17-19 2002, World Scientific 2002, pp. 405-410, DOI 10.1142/9789812777171_0042.
P23.A Lisp Subset Based on MathML, Yuzhen Xie, S.M. Watt and L. Padovani, Proc. International Conference on MathML and Math on the Web (MathML 2002), Chicago USA, June 28-30 2002, (7 pages).
P11.On the Implementation of Dynamic Evaluation, P.A. Broadbery, T. Gómez-Díaz and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 1995), Montreal, Canada, July 10-12 1995, ACM Press 1995, pp. 77-84, DOI 10.1145/220346.220356.
P10.A First Report on the A♯ Compiler, S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, S.S. Dooley, P. Iglio, J.M. Steinbach and R.S. Sutor, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 1994), Oxford, England, July 20-22 1994, ACM Press 1994, pp. 25-31, DOI 10.1145/190347.190356. (Extended version R6).
P7.The Scratchpad II Type System: Domains and Subdomains, S.M. Watt, R.D. Jenks, R.S. Sutor and B.M. Trager, Proc. Computing Tools For Scientific Problem Solving, 1990, Academic Press 1990, pp. 63-82.

Patents

S5.Computer-Program Compilers Comprising a Program Augmentation Capability, U.S. Patent Number 6,397,380, C.J. Bittner, B.M. Grossman, R.D. Jenks, S.M. Watt and R.Q. Williams, 2002, International Class G06F 009/45.
S3.Computer-Program Compilers Comprising a Program Augmentation Capability, U.S. Patent Number 6,223,341, C.J. Bittner, B.M. Grossman, R.D. Jenks, S.M. Watt and R.Q. Williams, 2001, International Class G06F 009/45.

Books

B12.Aldor User Guide, S.M. Watt and M. Moreno Maza, Aldor.org 2003, (302 pages).
B11.AXIOM Library Compiler User Guide, S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, S.S. Dooley, P. Iglio, S.C. Morrison, J.M. Steinbach and R.S. Sutor, The Numerical Algorithms Group, Ltd., Oxford 1994, (xx + 508 pages), ISBN 1-85206-106-5.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

A31.Garbage Collecting the World Wide Web, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, Sofia, Bulgaria, June 25-28 2012.
A7.Optimizing Compilation for Symbolic-Numeric Computing (Invited), S.M. Watt, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computation (SYNASC 2004), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-30 2004, MITRON Press, pp. 18, ISBN 973-661-441-7.
A5.Interoperability of Languages with Generics, using Aldor, C++ and Java, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, Proc. 1999 Frisco Workshop, Oxford, UK, Apr 28-29 1999, FRISCO Consortium ESPRIT LTR 21.024, pp. 9-10.
A1.Abstract Datatypes, Multiple Views and Multiple Inheritance in Scratchpad II, S.M. Watt and R.D. Jenks, Programming Language Technology ITL Conference, Tucson Arizona, Feb 10-12 1987, IBM Corporation.

Research Reports (not subsequently published elsewhere)

R18.GIDL User Guide, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Research report, TR-06-09 (55 pages), Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, 2006.
R17.Alma User Guide, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Research report, TR-06-08 (7 pages), Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, 2006.
R16.reflex: A Scanner Transformer for Unicode Grammars, S.L. Huerter and S.M. Watt, Research report, TR-06-07 (34 pages), Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, 2006.
R12.Automation of the Aldor/C++ Interface: User's Guide, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, Research report, D2.2.2c (119 pages), FRISCO Consoritum, 1999, (also UWO Dept of Computer Science TR-537).
R11.Automation of the Aldor/C++ Interface: Technical Reference, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, Research report, D2.2.2b (21 pages), FRISCO Consoritum, 1999, (also UWO Dept of Computer Science TR-538).
R10.A C++ to XML Translator, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, Research report, D2.2.2a (50 pages), FRISCO Consoritum, 1998, (also UWO Dept of Computer Science TR-536).
R9.An Object Model Correspondence for Aldor and C++, M. Gaëtano and S.M. Watt, Research report, D2.2.1 (18 pages), FRISCO Consoritum, 1997.
R7.A♯ Language Reference, V0.35, S.M. Watt, Research Report, RC 19530, IBM, 1994.
R6.A First Report on the A♯ Compiler (including benchmarks), S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, S.S. Dooley, P. Iglio, S.C. Morrison, J.M. Steinbach and R.S. Sutor, Research report, RC 19529, IBM Research, 1994.
R5.FOAM: A First Order Abstract Machine, V 0.35, S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, P. Iglio, S.C. Morrison and J.M. Steinbach, Research report, RC 19528, IBM Research, 1994.

Selected Other Contributions

O5.Domains and Subdomains in Scratchpad II, S. M. Watt, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, Nov 1 1987, 1987, pp. 3-5.

Numerical Analysis

See also:

Hybrid symbolic-numeric polynomial computation:
P42, P33, P22, P19, P16, P15, P14, P12.

Numerical methods in digital ink and handwriting recognition:
P156, P148, P136, P134, P132, P116, P113, P109, P107, P98, P96, P84, P78.

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

P162.Arc-Length Parameterized Interpolating Splines, Dafna K. Matsegora and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2026 International Congress on Mathematical Software (ICMS 2026), Waterloo, Canada, July 20-23 2026, Springer LNCS 16677 (to appear), (10 pages).
P143.The Inverse of the Complex Gamma Function, David J. Jeffrey and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 25th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2023), Nancy, France, Sept 11-14 2023, IEEE, pp. 27-32, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC61333.2023.00010.
P40.Bernstein Bases are Optimal, but, sometimes, Lagrange Bases are Better, R.M. Corless and S.M. Watt, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computation (SYNASC 2004), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-30 2004, MITRON Press, pp. 141-152, ISBN 973-661-441-7.
P34.An Exploration of Homotopy Solving in Maple, K. Hazaveh, D.J. Jeffrey, G.J. Reid, S.M. Watt and A.D. Wittkopf, Proc. The Sixth Asian Symposium on Computer Mathematics (ASCM 2003), Beijing China, Apr 17-19 2003, pp. 145-162, DOI 10.1142/9789812704436_0012.

Pen-Based Computing

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

P156.Well-Conditioned Polynomial Representations for Mathematical Handwriting Recognition, Robert M. Corless, Deepak Singh Kalhan and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Timişoara, Romania, Sept 22-25 2025, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 13-20, DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2509.10815.
P148.A First Look at Chebyshev-Sobolev Series for Digital Ink, Deepak Singh Kalhan and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 15th MathUI Workshop 2024 - Mathematical User Interaction (MathUI 2024), Montreal, Canada, Aug 9 2024, (11 pages), DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2408.02135.
P136.The LegendreSobolev Package and its Applications in Handwriting Recognition, Parisa Alvandi and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Maple in Education and Research (MC 2019), Waterloo, Ontario, Oct 15-17 2019, Springer Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 1125, pp. 13-29, DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-41258-6_2.
P134.Handwriting Feature Extraction via Legendre-Sobolev Matrix Representation, Parisa Alvandi and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 21st International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2019), Timişoara Romania, Sept 4-7 2019, IEEE, pp. 206-213, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC49474.2019.00036.
P132.Real-Time Computation of Legendre-Sobolev Approximations, Parisa Alvandi and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 19th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2018), Timişoara Romania, Sept 20-23 2018, IEEE, pp. 67-74, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC.2018.00023.
P124.Identifying Features via Homotopy on Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 15th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2013), Timişoara Romania, Sept 23-26 2013, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 61-67, DOI 10.1109/synasc.2013.15.
P123.Determining Points on Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2013 Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2013), Bath, UK, July 8-12 2013, Springer Verlag LNAI 7961, pp. 168-183, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-39320-4_11.
P122.InkChat: A Collaboration Tool for Mathematics, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, E-Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces Workshop 2013 (MATHUI 2013), Bath, UK, July 10 2013.
P121.Recommendation Systems in Mathematical Character Recognition, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, E-Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces Workshop 2013 (MATHUI 2013), Bath, UK, July 10 2013.
P118.Recognition of Relatively Small Handwritten Characters, or "Size Matters", Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 13th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2012), Bari, Italy, Sept 18-20 2012, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 319-324, DOI 10.1109/icfhr.2012.257.
P117.A Structure for Adaptive Handwriting Recognition, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 13th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2012), Bari, Italy, Sept 18-20 2012, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 688-693, DOI 10.1109/icfhr.2012.169.
P116.Optimization of Point Selection on Digital Ink Curves, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 13th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2012), Bari, Italy, Sept 18-20 2012, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 525-530, DOI 10.1109/icfhr.2012.252.
P115.Writing on Clouds, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen Watt, Proc. 2012 Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2012), Bremen, Germany, July 9-14 2012, Springer Verlang LNAI 7362, pp. 402-416, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-31374-5_27.
P114.A Streaming Digital Ink Framework for Multi-Party Collaboration, Rui Hu, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen Watt, Proc. 2012 Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2012), Bremen, Germany, July 9-14 2012, Springer Verlang, pp. 81-95, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-31374-5_6.
P113.Linear Compression of Digital Ink via Point Selection, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen Watt, Proc. 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS 2012), Gold Coast, Australia, Mar 27-29 2012, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 429-434, DOI 10.1109/das.2012.51.
P112.From MIT SketchML to InkML or There and Back Again, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems Short Papers (DAS 2012), Gold Coast, Australia, Mar 27-29 2012, IAPR, pp. 26-27.
P111.Improving Isolated and In-Context Classification of Handwritten Characters, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Document Recognition and Retrieval XIX (DRR XIX), San Francisco, California, Jan 22-26 2012, SPIE, DOI 10.1117/12.912112.
P109.Polynomial Approximation in Handwriting Recognition (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 4th International Workshop on Symbolic-Numeric Computation (SNC 2011), San Jose, California, June 7-9 2011, ACM Press, pp. 3-7, DOI 10.1145/2331684.2331687.
P107.Digital Ink Compression via Functional Approximation, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2010), Kolkata, India, Nov 16-18 2010, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 688-694, DOI 10.1109/ICFHR.2010.112.
P106.An Interface for Math e-Learning on Pen-Based Mobile Devices, Mitsushi Fujimoto and Stephen M. Watt, E-Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces Workshop 2010 (MATHUI 2010), Paris, France, July 10 2010.
P102.Improved Classification through Runoff Elections, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS 2010), Boston, USA, June 9-11 2010, ACM Press, pp. 59-63, DOI 10.1145/1815330.1815338.
P101.Toward Affine Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Characters, Oleg Golubitsky, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS 2010), Boston, USA, June 9-11 2010, ACM Press, pp. 35-42, DOI 10.1145/1815330.1815335.
P100.Distance-Based Classification of Handwritten Symbols, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, Vol. 13, No. 2, June, 2010, 2010, pp. 133-146, DOI 10.1007/s10032-009-0107-7.
P98.Orientation-Independent Recognition of Handwritten Characters with Integral Invariants, Oleg Golubitsky, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Joint Conference of ASCM 2009 and MACIS 2009: Asian Symposium of Computer Mathematics and Mathematical Aspects of Computer and Information Sciences (ASCM 2009), Fukuoka, Japan, Dec 14-17 2009, COE Lecture Note Vol. 22, Kyushu University, pp. 252-261, ISSN 1881-4042.
P96.Online Recognition of Multi-Stroke Symbols with Orthogonal Series, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2009), Barcelona, Spain, July 26-29 2009, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1265-1269, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2009.229.
P95.A Collaborative Interface for Multimodal Ink and Audio Documents, Amit Regmi and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2009), Barcelona, Spain, July 26-29 2009, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 901-905, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2009.205.
P94.Confidence Measures in Recognizing Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management (MKM 2009), Grand Bend, Canada, July 10-12 2009, Springer Verlag LNAI 5625, pp. 460-466, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02614-0_10.
P90.Online Computation of Similarity between Handwritten Characters, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Document Recognition and Retrieval XVI (DRR 2009), San Jose, California USA, Jan 21-22 2009, SPIE and IS&T, Vol. 7247, pp. C1-C10, ISBN 9780819474971, ISSN 0277-786X, DOI 10.1117/12.806163.
P89.Communicating Mathematics via Pen-Based Computer Interfaces (Invited), Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2008), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-29 2008, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 9-18, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC.2008.22.
P87.Online Stroke Modeling for Handwriting Recognition, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 18th Annual International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CASCON 2008), Toronto, Canada, Oct 27-30 2008, IBM Canada, pp. 72-80, ISSN 1705-7345, DOI 10.1145/1463788.1463796.
P86.An Empirical Measure on the Set of Symbols Occurring in Engineering Mathematics Texts, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 8th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS 2008), Nara, Japan, Sept 17-19 2008, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 557-564, DOI 10.1109/DAS.2008.74.
P84.Online Mathematical Symbol Recognition using SVMs with Features from Functional Approximation, Birendra Keshari and Stephen M. Watt, E-Proc. Mathematical User-Interfaces Workshop 2008 (MathUI 08), Birmingham, UK, July 27 2008.
P82.Context-Sensitive Mathematical Character Recognition, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. IAPR International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2008), Montreal, Canada, Aug 19-21 2008, CENPARMI Concordia University, pp. 604-610, ISBN 1-895193-03-6.
P81.Sharing Digital Ink in Heterogeneous Collaborative Environments, Birendra Keshari, Sriganesh Madhvanath, Manoj Prasad A, Muthuselvam Selvaraj and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. IAPR International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2008), Montreal, Canada, Aug 19-21 2008, CENPARMI Concordia University, pp. 580-585, ISBN 1-895193-03-6.
P78.Representing and Characterizing Handwritten Mathematical Symbols Through Succinct Functional Approximation, Bruce W. Char and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Curitiba, Brazil, Sept 23-26 2007, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1198-1202, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2007.4377105.
P77.Hybrid Mathematical Symbol Recognition Using Support Vector Machines, Birendra Keshari and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Curitiba, Brazil, Sept 23-26 2007, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 859-863, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2007.4377037.
P76.New Aspects of InkML for Pen-Based Computing, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Curitiba, Brazil, Sept 23-26 2007, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 457-460, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2007.4378751.
P75.Aspects of Mathematical Expression Analysis in Arabic Handwriting, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Curitiba, Brazil, Sept 23-26 2007, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1183-1187, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2007.4377102.
P74.Streaming-Archival InkML Conversion, Birendra Keshari and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Curitiba, Brazil, Sept 23-26 2007, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1253-1257, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2007.4377116.
P70.A Cross-Application Architecture for Pen-Based Mathematical Interfaces, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, E-Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces (MathUI), Hagenberg, Austria, June 27 2007, (5 pages).
P51.Recognition for Large Sets of Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Stephen M. Watt and Xiaofang Xie, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2005), Seoul Korea, Aug 29-Sept 1 2005, IEEE Press, pp. 740-744, DOI 10.1109/icdar.2005.195.
P49.A Context for Pen-Based Computing, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, Waterloo Canada, July 17-21 2005, Maplesoft, pp. 409-422.
P46.Prototype Pruning by Feature Extraction for Handwritten Mathematical Symbol Recognition, Stephen M. Watt and Xiaofang Xie, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, Waterloo Canada, July 17-21 2005, Maplesoft, pp. 423-437.
P45.Determining Empirical Characteristics of Mathematical Expression Use, Clare M. So and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Fourth International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management (MKM 2005), Bremen Germany, July 15-17 2005, Springer Verlag LNCS 3863, pp. 361-375, DOI 10.1007/11618027_24.
P25.An Interactive Mathematical Handwriting Recognizer for the Pocket PC, Bo Wan and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on MathML and Math on the Web (MathML 2002), Chicago USA, June 28-30 2002, (7 pages).

Standard Definitions

S8.Ink Markup Language (InkML), Stephen M. Watt and Tom Underhill (editors), Y-M. Chee, K. Franke, M. Froumentin, S. Madhvanath, J-A. Magaña, G. Pakosz, G. Russel, M. Selvaraj, G. Seni, C. Tremblay and L. Yaeger, W3C Recommendation 20 September 2011, (64 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-InkML-20110920, World Wide Web Consortium.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

A39.Feature Extraction using Legendre-Sobolev Representation for Handwritten Mathematical Characters, S.M. Watt and Parisa Alvandi, Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2019), St Petersburg, Russia, Apr 15-20 2019.
A35.Optimization and Homotopy in Mathematical Handwriting Recognition (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, South Pacific Optimization Workshop (SPOW 2015), Nouméa, New Caledonia, Feb 16-18 2015.
A33.Browser-Based Collaboration with InkChat, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2015), Kalamata, Greece, July 20-23 2015.
A30.Parallel Computing in Mathematical Character Recognition, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, Sofia, Bulgaria, June 25-28 2012.
A29.On the Mathematics of Mathematical Handwriting Recognition (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Timişoara, Romania, Sept 23-26 2010.
A27.Writing on Clouds, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, Vlora, Albania, June 24-27 2010.
A23.Analyzing Mathematical Corpora to Improve Mathematical Handwriting Recognition, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 4th European Workshop on Mathematical and Scientific e-Contents, Trondheim, Norway, Sept 11-13 2008.
A21.Online Stroke Modeling for Handwriting Recognition, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2008), Montreal, Canada, Aug 19-21 2008.
A20.Toward Real-Time Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation (AISC 2008), Birmingham, UK, July 31-Aug 2 2008.
A19.Compact Methods for Modelling Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2008), Linz, Austria, July 27-30 2008.
A16.A Preliminary Report on the Set of Symbols Occurring in Engineering Mathematics Texts, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Milestones in Computer Algebra: a Conference in Honour of Keith Geddes' 60th Birthday (MICA 2008), Stonehaven Bay, Trinidad and Tobago, May 1-3 2008, University of Western Ontario, pp. 217-219, ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7.
A14.Improving Pen-Based Mathematical Interfaces (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2006), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-29 2006, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 12.
A8.Components for Pen-Based Mathematical Interfaces, Elena Smirnova, Clare So, Stephen M. Watt and Xiaofang Xie, Proc. 2005 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2005), Nara, Japan, July 31-Aug 3 2005.

Mathematical Knowledge Management

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

P155.Structuring Definitions in Mathematical Libraries, Alena Gusakov, Peter Nelson and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Timişoara, Romania, Sept 22-25 2025, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 98-105, DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2509.10828.
P147.Using General Large Language Models to Classify Mathematical Documents, Patrick D.F. Ion and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 17th Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2024), Montreal, Canada, Aug 5-9 2024, Springer LNAI 14960, pp. 42-57, DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-66997-2_3.
P142.Extracting Theory Graphs from Aldor Libraries, Florian Rabe and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 16th Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2023), Cambridge, UK, Sept 4-8 2023, Springer LNAI 14101, pp. 315-320, DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-42753-4_24.
P133.International Mathematical Knowledge Trust (IMKT): An update on the global digital mathematics library, Patrick D.F. Ion, Thierry Bouche, Gadadhar Misra, Alf A. Onshuus, Stephen M. Watt and Liu Zheng, Proc. International Congress of Mathematicians 2018 (ICM 2018), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug 1-9 2018, World Scientific, pp. 1157-1176, DOI 10.1142/9789813272880_0041.
P131.The Global Digital Mathematics Library and the International Mathematical Knowledge Trust, Patrick D. F. Ion and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM 2017), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, July 17-21 2017, Springer International Publishing, LNAI 10383, pp. 59-69, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-62075-6_5.
P129.How to Build a Global Digital Mathematics Library (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 18th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2018), Timişoara Romania, Sept 24-27 2016, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 37-40, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC.2016.019.
P85.Mathematical Document Classification via Symbol Frequency Analysis, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Towards Digital Mathematics Library (DML 08), Birmingham, UK, July 27 2008, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 29-40, DOI 10.1109/DML.2008.3.
P65.Generating TeX from Mathematical Content with Respect to Notational Settings, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Digital Typography & Electronic Publishing: Localization & Internationalization (TUG 2006), Marakesh, Morocco, Nov 9-11 2006, pp. 96-105.
P59.On the Conversion Between Content MathML and OpenMath, Clare M. So and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2006 Conference on the Communicating Mathematics in the Digital Era (CMDE 2006), Aveiro, Portugal, Aug 15-18 2006, A.K. Peters, pp. 169-182, DOI 10.1201/b10587-15.
P56.Notation Selection in Mathematical Computing Environments, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Transgressive Computing 2006: A conference in honor or Jean Della Dora (TC 2006), Granada Spain, Apr 24-26 2006, pp. 339-355.
P54.XML in Mathematical Web Services, Mike Dewar, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. XML 2005 Conference -- Syntax to Semantics (XML 2005), Atlanta USA, Nov 14-18 2005, (29 pages).
P43.Toward an Accessible Web through Semantic Web Standards, Clare M. So, M. Perry and S.M. Watt, Proc. 2005 International Conference on Computers for People with Special Needs (CPSN'05), Las Vagas USA, June 20-23 2005, CSREA Press, pp. 10-16, ISBN 1-932415-78-5.
P39.An Architecture for Distributed Mathematical Web Services, E. Smirnova, C. So and S.M. Watt, Proc. Mathematical Knowledge Management (Third International Conference MKM 2004), Białoweża Poland, Sept 19-21 2004, Springer Verlag, LNCS, No. 3119, pp. 363-377, ISBN 3-540-23029-7, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-27818-4_26.
P35.Meta-Stylesheets for the Conversion of Mathematical Documents into Multiple Forms, W.N. Naylor and S.M. Watt, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 38, 2003, 2003, pp. 3-25, DOI 10.1023/a:1022955412266.
P32.MathML, S.M. Watt, in Handbook of Computer Algebra, chapter 2.19.7, J. Grabmeier, E. Kaltofen and V. Weispfenning (eds.), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2003, 2003, pp. 154-160, ISBN 3-540-65466-6.
P29.Conserving Implicit Mathematical Semantics in Conversion between TeX and MathML, S.M. Watt, TUGBoat, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2002, 2002, pp. 108.
P27.Exploiting Implicit Mathematical Semantics in Conversion between TeX and MathML, S.M. Watt, Proc. Internet Accessible Mathematical Communication (IAMC 2002), Lille France, July 2002, (13 pages).
P26.A Family of Modular XML Schemas for MathML, S.M. Watt and Yuzhen Xie, Proc. Internet Accessible Mathematical Communication (IAMC 2002), Lille France, July 2002, (5 pages).
P24.Content-Faithful Transformations for MathML, S. Huerter, I. Rodionov and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on MathML and Math on the Web (MathML 2002), Chicago USA, June 28-30 2002, (9 pages).
P21.Meta Stylesheets for the Conversion of Mathematical Documents into Multiple Forms, W.N. Naylor and S.M. Watt, E-Proc. International Workshop on Mathematical Knowledge Management (MKM 2001), Linz Austria, Sept 24-26 2001, DOI 10.1023/A:1022955412266.
P20.On the Relationship Between OpenMath and MathML, W.N. Naylor and S.M. Watt, E-Proc. Internet Accessible Mathematical Communication (IAMC 2001), London Canada, July 22 2001.
P13.An OpenMath v1.0 Implementation, S. Dalmas, M. Gaëtano and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 1997), Kihei, Hawaii, USA, July 21-23 1997, ACM Press 1997, pp. 241-248, DOI 10.1145/258726.258794.

Standard Definitions

S10.Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition, David Carlisle, Patrick Ion and Robert Miner (editors), Ron Ausbrooks, Stephen Buswell, David Carlisle, Giorgi Chavchanidze, Stéphane Dalmas, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Sam Dooley, Roger Hunter, Patrick Ion, Michael Kohlhase, Azzeddine Lazrek, Paul Libbrecht, Bruce Miller, Robert Miner, Chris Rowley, Murray Sargent, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor and Stephen Watt, ISO/IEC 40314:2015 (Based on W3C REC-MathML3-20140410), (394 pages), http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=58439, International Organization for Standardization.
S9.Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition, David Carlisle, Patrick Ion and Robert Miner (editors), Ron Ausbrooks, Stephen Buswell, David Carlisle, Giorgi Chavchanidze, Stéphane Dalmas, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Sam Dooley, Roger Hunter, Patrick Ion, Michael Kohlhase, Azzeddine Lazrek, Paul Libbrecht, Bruce Miller, Robert Miner, Chris Rowley, Murray Sargent, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor and Stephen Watt, W3C Recommendation 10 April 2014, (403 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-MathML3-20140410, World Wide Web Consortium.
S7.Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0, David Carlisle, Patrick Ion and Robert Miner (editors), Ron Ausbrooks, Stephen Buswell, David Carlisle, Giorgi Chavchanidze, Stéphane Dalmas, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Sam Dooley, Roger Hunter, Patrick Ion, Michael Kohlhase, Azzeddine Lazrek, Paul Libbrecht, Bruce Miller, Robert Miner, Chris Rowley, Murray Sargent, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor and Stephen Watt, W3C WD Recommendation 21 October 2010, (385 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-MathML3-20101021, World Wide Web Consortium.
S6.Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0 (Second Edition), D. Carlisle, P. Ion, R. Miner and N. Poppelier (editors), R. Ausbrooks, S. Buswell, D. Carlisle, S. Dalmas, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, M. Froumentin, R. Hunter, P. Ion, M. Kohlhase, R. Miner, N. Poppelier, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor and S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 21 October 2003, (541 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-MathML2-20031021, World Wide Web Consortium.
S4.Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0, D. Carlisle, P. Ion, N. Poppelier and R. Miner (editors), R. Ausbrooks, S. Buswell, S. Dalmas, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, R. Hunter, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor and S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 21-February-2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-MathML2-20010221, World Wide Web Consortium.
S2.Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 1.01 Specification, P. Ion and R. Miner (editors), S. Buswell, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, P. Ion, R. Miner, N. Poppelier, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor and S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 07-July-1999, http://www.w3.org/1999/07/REC-MathML-19990707, World Wide Web Consortium.
S1.Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 1.0 Specification, P. Ion and R. Miner (editors), S. Buswell, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, N. Poppelier, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor and S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 07-April-1998, http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-MathML-19980407, World Wide Web Consortium.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

A37.The International Mathematical Knowledge Trust, Ingrid Caubechies, Patrick Ion and Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2017), Jerusalem, July 17-21 2017.
A6.An Approach to Mathematical Notation Selection, E. Smirnova and S.M. Watt, Proc. Second North American Workshop on Mathematical Knowledge Management (NA-MKM 2004), Phoenix AZ, USA, Jan 6 2004.

Research Reports (not subsequently published elsewhere)

R15.Mathematics on the NET -- CA:MONET, E. Smirnova and S.M. Watt, Research report, Final Project Report (25 pages), CANARIE E-Content Program, 2004.
R14.Symbolic Solver Services -- Wrapper Tool, E. Smirnova and S.M. Watt, Research report, (61 pages), The MONET Consortium (IST-2001-34145), 2004.
R13.Content-Faithful Stylesheets for MathML, I. Rodionov and S.M. Watt, Research report, TR-00-14, Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, 2000, (15 pages).
R8.An HTML-Native Math Proposal, S. Buswell, S. Dalmas, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, M. Gaëtano, R. Sutor, T. van Belle and S. Watt, Research report, W3C Working Group on HTML Mathematics, Mar 1997.

Selected Other Contributions

O7.Examples of MathML, S.M. Watt and Xuehong Li, ACM SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 4, Issue 130, December 1999, 1999.

Other Subjects

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

P159.Generative AI for Multiple Choice STEM Assessments, Christina Perdikoulias, Chad Vance and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 18th annual International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN26), Palma, Spain, June 29-July 1 2026, IATED (to appear), (8 pages). (Extended version O16).
P158.A Computational Toolkit for Engagement and Scalable Assessment in a Large Logic Course, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 18th annual International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN26), Palma, Spain, June 29-July 1 2026, IATED (to appear), (8 pages), DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2606.02367.
P130.Origami Folds in Higher-dimension, Tetsuo and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Symbolic COmputation in Software Science (SCSS 2017), Gammarth, Tunisia, Apr 6-9 2017, EPiC Series in Computing, vol. 45, pp. 83-95, DOI 10.29007/n76q.
P128.Combinatorics of Hybrid Sets, Shaoshi Chen and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 18th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2018), Timişoara Romania, Sept 24-27 2016, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 60-64, DOI 10.1109/SYNASC.2016.022.
P127.Modelling and Simulation for the Analysis of Securities Markets, Rui Hu, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Sixth International Symposium on Symbolic Computation in Software Science (SCSS 2014), Gammarth, Tunisia, Dec 7-8 2014, pp. 23-29.
P126.An Agent-Based Financial Market Simulator for Evaluation of Algorithmic Trading Strategies, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Sixth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation (SIMUL 2014), Nice, France, Oct 12-16 2014, pp. 221-227.
P125.Distance-Based High-Frequency Trading, Travis Felker, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 14th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2014), Cairns, Australia, June 10-12 2014, Elsevier Procedia Computer Science, Volume 29, 2014, pp. 2055-2064, DOI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.060.
P120.What is an Equation? (Invited), Solomon Marcus and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 14th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2012), Timişoara Romania, Sept 26-29 2012, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 23-29, DOI 10.1109/synasc.2012.79.
P62.Performance Rights for Software, Mark Perry and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Fourth IASTED Internatioanl Conference on Law and Technology (LAWTECH 2006), Cambridge Massacusetts, USA, Oct 9-11 2006, ACTA Press, pp. 59-64.

Theses

B13.Computational Tools for Mathematical Collaboration, Stephen M. Watt, Doctor honoris causa dissertation, Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara, Romania, Sept 26 2011, (7 pages).
B2.Intrinsic Symmetries and Other Constraints in General Relativity, Stephen M. Watt, MMath thesis, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, U. Waterloo (Canada), 1981, (xiii + 190 pages), supervisor: C.B. Collins.
B1.The Classification of Spatially Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Cosmological Models, Stephen M. Watt, BSc honours thesis, Dept. of Physics, U. New Brunswick (Canada), 1979, supervisor: B.O.J. Tupper.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

A44.Computer Algebra, Student Assessment and Learning Data Analysis, David Smith and Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2022), Istanbul-Gebze, Turkey, Aug 15-19 2022.
A38.Computer Algebra in Online STEM Education, C. James Cooper and Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2017), Jerusalem, July 17-21 2017.
A32.Regular Language Homomorphisms and Transition Complexity: Dealing with Large Alphabets, Stephen M. Watt, 15th Workshop on Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems (DCFS 2013), London, Canada, July 22-25 2013.
A28.Routing and Scheduling Challenges for a Service Provider, Srinivas Chatrathi, Devang Dave, Girish Palliyil, Stephen M. Watt and Kenneth Wood, Discrete Optimization: Workshop on Applications in Transport, Logistics and Networks, Sydney, Australia, Oct 12-15 2010.
A22.Admissible Symmetries of the Electromagnetic Field in LRS Spacetimes, Stephen M. Watt, (COSMO 08), Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Aug 25-29 2008.
A12.An Algorithm for PDE Consistency under Constraints with an Application to Relativistic Cosmology, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2006 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra (ACA 2006), Varna, Bulgaria, June 26-29 2006.
A2.Construction of Algebraic Error Control Codes on the Elliptic Riemann Surface, M. Hassner, W. Burge and S.M. Watt, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Theory, Japan, June 19-24 1988, IEEE Press 1988, pp. 57.

Selected Other Contributions

O16.Generative AI for Multiple Choice STEM Assessments (Extended Version), Christina Perdikoulias, Chad Vance and Stephen M. Watt, Research report, arXiv doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.02094, 2025, (8 pages).
O15.Ensuring widespread and equitable access to back issues of mathematics journals, T. Brennan, H. Cohn, S. Hansen, E. Miot, V. Simoncini and S. Watt, 2024, International Mathematical Union, (24 pages).
O13.Interview with the (New) Dean, mathNEWS, Friday, July 24, 2015, 2015, pp. 16-17.
O12.The Perpetual Youth of Solomon Marcus, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Meetings with Solomon Marcus, 2011, Spandugino, pp. 1431-1433.
O9.Manuel Eric Bronstein: in memoriam, Stephen M. Watt, SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 4, Issue 154, December 2005, 2005, pp. 144-145.
O4.Construction of Algebraic Error Control Codes (ECC) on the Elliptic Riemann Surface, M. Hassner, W.H. Burge and S.M. Watt, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, Nov 1, 1987, 1987, pp. 5-8.