Stephen M. Watt, Publications

Publications	by year,	by subject,	by category.	Invited talks.

Subjects
Computer Algebra
Pen-Based Computing
Mathematical Knowledge Management
Programming Languages and Compilers
Other Subjects

Computer Algebra

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Telescopers for Differential Forms with One Parameter, Shaoshi Chen, Ruyong Feng, Ziming Li, Michael F. Singer, S.M. Watt, Selecta Mathematica New Series, Vol. 30, No. 36, doi:10.1007/s00029-024-00926-6.
Hybrid Intervals and Symbolic Block Matrices, Mike Ghesquiere and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 33-41, Proc. 25th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2023), Sep 11-14 2023, Nancy, France, IEEE.
Thie Inverse of the Complex Gamma Function, David J. Jeffrey and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 27-32, Proc. 25th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2023), Sep 11-14 2023, Nancy, France, IEEE.
Efficient Quotients of Non-Commutative Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 370-392, Proc. 25th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, (CASC 2023), Aug 28-Sep 1 2023, Havana, Cuba, Springer LNCS 14139.
Efficient Generic Quotients Using Exact Arithmetic, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 535-544, Proc. 2023 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 2023), Jul 24-27 2023, Tromsø, Norway, ACM.
Two Methods for Efficient Generic Inversion (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 18-22, Proc. 5th Interntional Conference on Computer Algebra, (CCAS 2023), Jun 26-28 2023, Moscow, Russia (online), Russian Academy of Sciences.
Detecting Implicit Indeterminates in Symbolic Computation, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 43-50, Proc. 24th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2022), Sep 12-15 2022, Linz, Austria, IEEE.
Working with Families of Inverse Functions, David J. Jeffrey, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 222-237, Proc. 15th Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, (CICM 2022), Sep 19-23 2022, Tbilisi, Georgia, Springer LNAI 13467.
A Review of Algorithms for Symbolic Domains (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 22, Proc. 21st International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2019), Sep 4-7 2019, Timişoara Romania, IEEE.
Computational Tools for Mathematical Collaboration (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 16-18, Proc. 13th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2011), Sept 26-29 2011, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Symbolic Domain Decomposition, Jacques Carette, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 172-188, Proc. 17th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanised Reasoning, (Calculemus 2010), July 6-7 2010, Paris, France, Springer Verlag LNAI 6167.
On the Future of Computer Algebra Systems at the Threshold of 2010, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 422-430, Proc. Joint Conference of ASCM 2009 and MACIS 2009: Asian Symposium of Computer Mathematics and Mathematical Aspects of Computer and Information Sciences, (MACIS 2009), December 14-17 2009, Fukuoka, Japan, COE Lecture Note Vol. 22, Kyushu University, ISSN 1881-4042.
Computing with Abstract Matrix Structures, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 325-332, Proc. 2009 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 2009), July 28-31 2009, Seoul, South Korea, ACM Press.
Algorithms for the Functional Decomposition of Laurent Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 186-200, Proc. Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management , (Calculemus 2009), July 6-7 2009, Grand Bend, Canada, Springer Verlag LNAI 5625.
Reasoning with Generic Cases in the Arithmetic of Abstract Matrices, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 138-153, Proc. Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management , (Calculemus 2009), July 6-7 2009, Grand Bend, Canada, Springer Verlag LNAI 5625.
Abstract Matrix Arithmetic, Alan P. Sexton, Volker Sorge and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 61-68, Proc. 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2008), Sept 26-29 2008, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Functional Decomposition of Symbolic Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 353-362, Proc. International Conference on Computatioanl Sciences and its Applications, (ICCSA 2008), June 30-July 3 2008, Perugia, Italy, IEEE Computer Society.
Symbolic Polynomials with Sparse Exponents, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 91-97, Proc. Milestones in Computer Algebra: a Conference in Honour of Keith Geddes' 60th Birthday, (MICA 2008), May 1-3 2008, Stonehaven Bay, Trinidad and Tobago, University of Western Ontario, ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7.
What Happened to Languages for Symbolic Mathematical Computation?, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 81-90, Proc. Programming Languages for Mechanized Mathematics, (PLMMS), June 29-30 2007, Hagenberg, Austria, J. Carette and F. Wiedijk (editors), RISC-Linz, http://www.risc.uni-linz.ac.at/publications/download/risc_3120/PLMMS_proc.pdf.
Two Families of Algorithms for Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 193-210, in Computer Algebra 2006: Latest Advances in Symbolic Algorithms -- Proceedings of the Waterloo Workshop I. Kotsireas, E. Zima (editors) , World Scientific 2007.
Pivot-Free Block Matrix Inversion, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 151-155, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2006), Sept 26-29 2006, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Press.
Making Computer Algebra More Symbolic (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 43-49, Proc. Transgressive Computing 2006: A conference in honor or Jean Della Dora , (TC 2006), April 24-26 2006, Granada Spain.
Component-Free Vector Algebra in Aldor, Songxin Liang, David J. Jeffrey and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 415-418, Proc. Transgressive Computing 2006: A conference in honor or Jean Della Dora , (TC 2006), April 24-26 2006, Granada Spain.
Domains and Expressions: An interface between two approaches to computer algebra, C. Oancea and S.M. Watt, pp. 261-268, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 2005), July 24-27 2005, Beijing China, ACM Press.
Generalization in Maple, Cosmin Oancea, Clare So and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 377-382, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, July 17-21 2005, Waterloo Canada, Maplesoft.
QR Factoring to Compute the GCD of Univariate Approximate Polynomials, Robert M. Corless, Stephen M. Watt and Lihong Zhi, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 52, No. 12, pp. 3394-3402, December 2004.
Parametric Polymorphism for Computer Algebra Software Components, Y. Chicha, M. Lloyd, C. Oancea and S.M. Watt, pp. 119-130, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computation, (SYNASC 2004), September 26-30 2004, Timişoara Romania, MITRON Press , ISBN 973-661-441-7.
Bernstein Bases are Optimal, but, sometimes, Lagrange Bases are Better, R.M. Corless and S.M. Watt, pp. 141-152, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computation, (SYNASC 2004), September 26-30 2004, Timişoara Romania, MITRON Press , ISBN 973-661-441-7.
A Framework for Using Aldor Libraries with Maple, C. Oancea and S.M. Watt, pp. 219-224, Actas de los Encuentros de Algebra Computacional y Aplicaciones (EACA) 2004, July 1-3 2004, Santander Spain, Universitad de Cantabria, , ISBN 84-688-6988-04.
An Exploration of Homotopy Solving in Maple, K. Hazaveh, D.J. Jeffrey, G.J. Reid, S.M. Watt and A.D. Wittkopf, pp. 145-162, Proc. The Sixth Asian Symposium on Computer Mathematics, (ASCM 2003), April 17-19 2003, Beijing China.
Hybrid Methods, R.M. Corless, E.L. Kaltofen and S.M. Watt, pp. 112-125, in Handbook of Computer Algebra J. Grabmeier, E. Kaltofen, V. Weispfenning (editors) , Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2003 , ISBN 3-540-65466-6.
Reasoning about the Elementary Functions of Complex Analysis, R.J. Bradford, R.M. Corless, J.H. Davenport, D.J. Jeffrey and S.M. Watt, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 36, pp. 303-318, 2002.
A Geometric-Numeric Algorithm for Absolute Factorization of Multivariate Polynomials, R.M. Corless, A. Galligo, I.S. Kotsireas and S.M. Watt, pp. 37-45, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation , (ISSAC 2002), July 7-10 2002, Lille France, ACM Press 2002.
Towards Factoring Bivariate Approximate Polynomials, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, M. van Hoeij, I.S. Kotsireas and S.M. Watt, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 2001), pp. 85-92, July 23-25 2001, London Candada, ACM Press 2001.
"According to Abramowitz and Stegun" or arccoth needn't be uncouth, R.M. Corless, J.H. Davenport, D.J. Jeffrey and S.M. Watt, ACM SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 58-65, Issue 132 June 2000 (Special Issue on OpenMath).
Reasoning about the Elementary Functions of Complex Analysis, R.M. Corless, J.H. Davenport, D.J. Jeffrey, G. Litt and S.M. Watt, pp. 115-126, Proc. Artificial Intelligence with Symbolic Computation, (AISC 2000), July 17-19 2000, Madrid, Spain, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 1930, Springer Verlag.
Numerical Implicitization of Parametric Hypersurfaces with Linear Algebra, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, I. Kotsireas and S.M. Watt, pp. 174-183, Proc. Artificial Intelligence with Symbolic Computation, (AISC 2000), July 17-19 2000, Madrid, Spain, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 1930, Springer Verlag.
Approximate Polynomial Decomposition, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, D.J. Jeffrey and S.M. Watt, pp. 213-219, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 1999), July 28-31 1999, Vancouver, Canada, ACM Press 1999.
A Numerical Absolute Primality Test for Bivariate Polynomials, A. Galligo and S.M. Watt, pp. 217-224, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 1997), July 21-23 1997, Kihei, Hawaii, USA, ACM Press 1997.
The Singular Value Decomposition for Approximate Polynomial Systems, R.M. Corless, P.M. Gianni, B.M. Trager and S.M. Watt, pp. 195-207, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 1995), July 10-12 1995, Montreal, Canada, ACM Press 1995.
Algebraic Simplification and Automatic Differentiation (Invited), S.M. Watt, pp. 34-35, Proc. Workshop Report on the First Theory Institute on Computational Differentiation, May 24-26 1993, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, ANL/MCS-TM-183.
Some Examples of Domains and Packages, S.M. Watt and R.S. Sutor, pp. 309-480, in Axiom: The Scientific Computation System R.D. Jenks and R.S. Sutor , Springer Verlag, New York 1992, , ISBN 0-387-97885-0.
A Fixed Point Method For Power Series Computation, S.M. Watt, pp. 206-217, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 1988), July 4-8 1988, Rome, Italy, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, No. 358, Springer Verlag 1989.
Scratchpad II: An Abstract Datatype System for Mathematical Computation, R.D. Jenks, R.S. Sutor and S.M. Watt, pp. 157-182, Proc. IMA Workshop on Scientific Software, March 23-26 1987, Minnesota, USA, Mathematical Aspects of Scientific Software, J. R. Rice ed., IMA Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications, Vol 14, Springer-Verlag 1988.
Infinite Structures in Scratchpad II, W.H. Burge and S.M. Watt, pp. 138-148, Proc. 1987 European Conference on Computer Algebra, (EUROCAL 87), June 2-5 1987, Leipzig, German Democratic Republic, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, No. 378, Springer Verlag 1989.
Algorithms for Linear Ordinary Differential Operators, J. Della Dora and S.M. Watt, Proc. Computers and Mathematics Conference, July 30-August 1 1986, Stanford, California.
A System for Parallel Computer Algebra Programs, S.M. Watt, pp. 537-538, Proc. 1985 European Conference on Computer Algebra, (EUROCAL'85), April 1-3 1985, Linz, Austria, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, No. 204, Springer Verlag.
On the Design and Performance of the Maple System, B.W. Char, G.J. Fee, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, pp. 199-219, Proc. 1984 Macsyma Users' Conference, July 23-35 1984, Schenectady, New York, General Electric Corporation.

Books

First Leaves: A Tutorial Introduction to Maple V, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, (xviii + 253 pages), Springer Verlag New York 1992, ISBN 0-387-97621-3, Springer Verlag Tokyo 1993, ISBN 4-431-70651-8 C3041 (Japanese Translation).
Maple V Language Reference Manual, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, (xv + 267 pages), Springer Verlag New York 1991, ISBN 0-387-97622-1, Springer Verlag Tokyo 1993, ISBN 4-431-70652-6 C3041 (Japanse Translation).
Maple V Library Reference Manual, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, (xxv + 698 pages), Springer Verlag New York 1991, ISBN 0-387-97592-6.
First Leaves for the Macintosh: A Tutorial Introduction to Maple, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, B.L. Leong, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Brooks-Cole, Pacific Grove, California, 1989, ISBN 0-534-10222-0.
First Leaves: A Tutorial Introduction to Maple, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Watcom Publications, Waterloo, 1988, ISBN 0-921329-68-7.
Maple Reference Manual, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, Watcom Publications, Waterloo, 1988, ISBN 0-921329-15-6.
Maple User's Guide, B.W. Char, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet and S.M. Watt, Watcom Publications, Waterloo, 1985, ISBN 0-919884-51-2.

Dissertations

Bounded Parallelism in Computer Algebra, Stephen M. Watt, (viii + 110 pages), PhD Thesis, Computer Science, University of Waterloo 1985.

Editorial Works

SYNASC 2017: 19th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Tudor Jebelean, Viorel Negru, Dana Petcu, Daniela Zaharie Tetsuo Ida, Stephen Watt, (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2018.
SYNASC 2016: 18th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, James Davenport, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2017.
Symbolic Numeric Computation, Jan Verschelde, Stephen M. Watt, Lihong Zhi (editors), Theoretical Computer Science (Special Issue), Vol. 681, No. 12 June, Elsevier , 2017.
SYNASC 2015: 17th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Laura Kovacs, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2016.
SYNASC 2014: 16th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Franz Winkler, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2015.
Workshop and Work in Progress Papers at CICM 2014, Matthew England, James H. Davenport, Andrea Kohlhase, Michael Kohlhase, Paul Libbrecht, Walther Neuper, Pedro Quaresma, Alan Sexton, Petr Sojka, Josef Urban, Stephen Watt (editors), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2014, ISSN 1613-0073.
Proceedings of the 2014 International Symposium on Symbolic-Numeric Computation, Stephen M. Watt, Jan Verschelde and Lihong Zhi (editors), ACM Press, New York, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4503-2963-7.
Intelligent Computer Mathematics: International Conference CICM 2014, Stephen M. Watt, James H. Davenport, Alan P. Sexton, Petr Sojka, Josef Urban (editors), Springer Verlag LNAI 8543, 2014, ISBN 978-3-319-08433-6.
SYNASC 2013: 15th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Nikolaj Bjorner, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4799-3035-7.
SYNASC 2012: 14th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Andrei Voronkov, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7695-4934-7.
SYNASC 2011: 13th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Dongming Wang, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2012, ISBN 978-0-7695-4630-8.
Selected papers from ISSAC 2010 (Special Issue of the Journal of Symbolic Computation), Wolfram Koepf and Stephen M. Watt (editors), Journal of Symbolic Computation (Special Issue), Elsevier , Vol. 49, No. 1, 2013.
Milestones in Computer Algebra (Special Issue of the Journal of Symbolic Computation), Mark W. Giesbrecht and Stephen M. Watt (editors), Journal of Symbolic Computation (Special Issue), pp. 735-740, Vol. 46, No. 7, 2011, Elsevier , DOI doi:10.1016/j.jsc.2010.08.009.
SYNASC 2010: 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Tetsuo Ida, Viorel Negru, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Stephen Watt, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2011, ISBN 978-0-7695-4324-6.
2010 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2010) , Stephen M. Watt (ed.), ACM Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4503-0150-3.
SYNASC 2009: 11th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing , Stephen Watt, Viorel Negru, Tetsuo Ida, Tudor Jebelean, Dana Petcu, Daniela Zaharie (editors), IEEE Computer Society, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7695-3964-5.
Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, Jacques Carette, Lucas Dixon, Claudio Sacerdoti Coen and Stephen M. Watt (editors), Springer Verlag, LNAI 5625, 2009, ISBN 978-3-642-02613-3.
Proceedings of Milestones in Computer Algebra MICA 2008: A conference in honour of Keith Geddes' 60th birthday, Marc Moreno Maza and Stephen M. Watt (editors), University of Western Ontario, 2008, ISBN 978-1-59593-744-5.
Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Symbolic-Numeric Computation (SNC'07), Jan Verschelde and Stephen M. Watt (editors), ACM Press New York, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7.
Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Parallel Numeric Computation (PASCO'07), Marc Moreno Maza and Stephen M. Watt (editors), ACM Press New York, 2007, ISBN 978-1-59593-741-4.
Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings 06271: Challenges in Symbolic Computation Software, W. Decker, M. Dewar, E. Kaltofen and S.M. Watt (editors), July 2-7 2006, http://drops.dagstuhl.de/portals/index.php?semnr=06271.
Symbolic-Numeric Algebra for Polynomials, S.M. Watt and H.J. Stetter (editors), Journal of Symbolic Computation (Special Issue), Vol. 26, No. 6, 1998.
Proceedings of the 1991 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, S. M. Watt (ed.), ACM Press New York, 1991, ISBN 0-89791-437-6.
Computers and Mathematics, E. Kaltofen and S.M. Watt (editors), Springer Verlag New York, 1989, ISBN 0-387-97019-3.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

A Symbolic Computing Perspective on Software Systems, Arthur C. Norman, Stephen M. Watt, MycroftFest Symposium, (MycroftFest 2023), December 1 2023, Cambridge, UK.
Parallel Multiprecision Arithmetic the Easy Way, Cosmin E. Oancea, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 11, MycroftFest Symposium, (MycroftFest 2023), December 1 2023, Cambridge, UK.
An Implementation of Generic Skew Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, Maple Conference 2023, October 27-28 2023, Waterloo, Canada.
Questioning the Assumptions Behind Symbolic Computation Systems (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. xx, Proc. 23rd International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2021), Dec 7-10 2021, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Web Technologies for the Next Generation of Symbolic Computation (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 22nd International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2020), Sept 1-4 2021, Timişoara Romania.
Telescopers for Differential Forms with One Parameter, Shaoshi Chen, Ruyong Feng, Ziming Li, Michael F. Singer, S.M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2019), July 16-20 2019, Montréal, Canada.
Algorithms for Polynomials in Legendre-Sobolev Bases, S.M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2019), July 16-20 2019, Montréeal, Canada.
Specialization of Symbolic Polynomials, S.M. Watt, International Conference on Algebraic Informatics, (CAI 2017), June 25-28 2017, Kalamata, Greece.
Putting "Symbolic" into Symbolic Computation (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Semantic Representation of Mathematical Knowledge Workshop, (SCL 2016), February 3-5 2016, Toronto, Canada.
Symbolic Symbolic Computation (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Tunisa-Japan Workshop on Symbolic Computation in Software Science, September 22-24 2009, Gammarth, Tunisia.
Algorithms for the Functional Decomposition of Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Polynomial Computer Algebra, April 4-12 2009, Euler International Mathematical Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Functional Decomposition Theorems for Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, September 26-29 2008, Timişoara, Romania.
On the Functional Decomposition of Multivariate Laurent Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, (ECCAD 2008), May 10 2008, Shepherdstown WV, USA.
A Note on the Functional Decomposition of Symbolic Polynomials, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 215-216, Proc. Milestones in Computer Algebra: a Conference in Honour of Keith Geddes' 60th Birthday, (MICA 2008), May 1-3 2008, Stonehaven Bay, Trinidad and Tobago, University of Western Ontario , ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7.
Sparse Exponents in Symbolic Polynomials, Matthew Malenfant and Stephen M. Watt, (2 pages), Proc. Symposium on Algebraic Geometry and Its Applications: in honor of the 60th birthday of Gilles Lachaud, (SAGA 2007), May 7-11 2007, Papeete, Tahiti.
Algorithms for Symbolic Polynomials (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 302, Proc. 9th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, (CASC 2006), September 11-15 2006, Chişinau, Moldova, Springer Verlag LNCS 4194.
Symbolic Computation versus Computer Algebra, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2006 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2006), June 26-29 2006, Varna, Bulgaria.
An Abstract, Coordinate-Free, Vector Algebra Package, Songxin Liang, David J. Jeffrey and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Asian Symposium on Computer Mathematics, (ASCM 2005), December 8-10 2005, Seoul Korea.
On the Approximate GCD in Initial Value Problems, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2005 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2005), July 31-August 3 2005, Nara, Japan.
Approximate Polynomial Decomposition, R.M. Corless, M.W. Giesbrecht, D.J. Jeffrey, Xianping Liu and S.M. Watt, pp. 6-8, Proc. 1999 Frisco Workshop, April 28-29 1999, Oxford, UK, FRISCO Consortium ESPRIT LTR 21.024, Report 5.6.1, http://www.nag.co.uk/Projects/Frisco/ws/proceedings.ps.
Absolute Factorization of Bivariate Polynomials with Floating Point Coefficients, A. Galligo and S.M. Watt, 1996 Symposium on Symbolic-Numeric Algebra for Polynomials, July 15-17 1996, Sophia Antipolis, France, http://www-sop.inria.fr/galaad/conf/1996/SNAP96/procs.ps, INRIA 1996.

Research Reports (not subsequently published elsewhere)

Factorisation d'Opérateurs Différentiels du Second Ordre, J. Della Dora and S.M. Watt, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble TIM3, Research Report RR 634 -M-, November 1986.
On the Design and Performance of the Maple System (extended version), B.W. Char, G.J. Fee, K.O. Geddes, G.H. Gonnet, M.B. Monagan and S.M. Watt, University of Waterloo, Research Report CS-84-13, 1984.
Arrays and Tables in Maple, S.M. Watt, University of Waterloo, Research Report CS-83-10, 1983.

Selected Other Contributions

A Symbolic Computing Perspective on Software Systems, Arthur C. Norman, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 18pp, (preprint).
High-Level Implementation of GPU Algorithms for Midsize Integer Addition and Multiplication, Cosmin E. Oancea, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 27pp, (preprint).
Thematic Program in Computer Algebra, pp. 25-26, ACM Communications in Computer Algebra, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2016.
Two Algorithms for Symbolic Polynomials (Preliminary Version), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Dagstuhl Seminar 06271: Challenges in Symbolic Computation Software, July 2-7 2006, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany.
Coxeter Lattice Paths, T.J. Ashby, A.D. Kennedy and S.M. Watt, Proc. Dagstuhl Seminar 06271: Challenges in Symbolic Computation Software, July 2-7 2006, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany.
Approximate Computation of Pseudovarieties, R.M. Corless, Hiroshi Kai and S.M. Watt, SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 67-71, Issue 145, September 2003.
Report on the SNAP minisymposium at SIAM '98, R.M. Corless and S.M. Watt, ACM SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 35-37, Issue 124, 1998, 1998.
Streams and Power Series, W.H. Burge, S.M. Watt and S.C. Morrison, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 9-12, Nov 1, 1987.
Mappings as First Class Objects, S.M. Watt and W.H. Burge, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 13-17, Nov 1, 1987.
Algebra Snapshot: Linear Ordinary Differential Operators, S.M. Watt and J. Della Dora, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 14-18, Jan 15 1986.

Pen-Based Computing

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

The LegendreSobolev Package and its Applications in Handwriting Recognition, Parisa Alvandi, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 13-29, Proc. Maple in Education and Research, (MC 2019), Oct 15-17 2019, Waterloo, Ontario, Springer Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 1125, 2020.
Handwriting Feature Extraction via Legendre-Sobolev Matrix Representation, Parisa Alvandi, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 206-213, Proc. 21st International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2019), Sep 4-7 2019, Timişoara Romania, IEEE.
Real-Time Computation of Legendre-Sobolev Approximations, Parisa Alvandi and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 67-74, Proc. 19th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2018), Sep 20-23 2018, Timişoara Romania, IEEE.
Identifying Features via Homotopy on Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 61-67, Proc. 15th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2013), Sept 23-26 2013, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Determining Points on Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 168-183, Proc. 2013 Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, (CICM 2013), July 8-12 2013, Bath, UK, Springer Verlag LNAI 7961.
Recommendation Systems in Mathematical Character Recognition, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Electronic Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces Workshop 2013, (MATHUI 2013), July 10 2013, Bath, UK, http://cermat.org/events/MathUI/13.
InkChat: A Collaboration Tool for Mathematics, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, Electronic Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces Workshop 2013, (MATHUI 2013), July 10 2013, Bath, UK, http://cermat.org/events/MathUI/13.
Recognition of Relatively Small Handwritten Characters, or "Size Matters", Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 319-324, Proc. 13th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (ICFHR 2012), September 18-20 2012, Bari, Italy, IEEE Computer Society.
A Structure for Adaptive Handwriting Recognition, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 688-693, Proc. 13th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (ICFHR 2012), September 18-20 2012, Bari, Italy, IEEE Computer Society.
Optimization of Point Selection on Digital Ink Curves, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 525-530, Proc. 13th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (ICFHR 2012), September 18-20 2012, Bari, Italy, IEEE Computer Society.
Writing on Clouds, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen Watt, pp. 402-416, Proc. 2012 Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, (CICM 2012), July 9-14 2012, Bremen, Germany, Springer Verlang LNAI 7362.
A Streaming Digital Ink Framework for Multi-Party Collaboration, Rui Hu, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen Watt, pp. 81-95, Proc. 2012 Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, (CICM 2012), July 9-14 2012, Bremen, Germany, Springer Verlang.
Linear Compression of Digital Ink via Point Selection, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen Watt, pp. 429-434, Proc. 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, (DAS 2012), March 27-29 2012, Gold Coast, Australia, IEEE Computer Society.
From MIT SketchML to InkML or There and Back Again, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 26-27, Proc. 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems Short Papers, (DAS 2012), March 27-29 2012, Gold Coast, Australia, IAPR.
Improving Isolated and In-Context Classification of Handwritten Characters, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Document Recognition and Retrieval XIX, (DRR XIX), January 22-26 2012, San Francisco, California, DOI doi:10.1117/12.912112, SPIE.
Polynomial Approximation in Handwriting Recognition (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 3-7, Proc. 4th International Workshop on Symbolic-Numeric Computation, (SNC 2011), June 7-9 2011, San Jose, California, ACM Press.
Digital Ink Compression via Functional Approximation, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 688-694, Proc. 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (ICFHR 2010), November 16-18 2010, Kolkata, India, IEEE Computer Society.
An Interface for Math e-Learning on Pen-Based Mobile Devices, Mitsushi Fujimoto and Stephen M. Watt, Electronic Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces Workshop 2010, (MATHUI 2010), July 10 2010, Paris, France, http://www.activemath.org/workshops/MathUI/10/proc.
Improved Classification through Runoff Elections, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 59-63, Proc. International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, (DAS 2010), June 9-11 2010, Boston, USA, ACM Press.
Toward Affine Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Characters, Oleg Golubitsky, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 35-42, Proc. International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, (DAS 2010), June 9-11 2010, Boston, USA, ACM Press.
Distance-Based Classification of Handwritten Symbols, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 133-146, June, 2010, Springer.
Orientation-Independent Recognition of Handwritten Characters with Integral Invariants, Oleg Golubitsky, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 252-261, Proc. Joint Conference of ASCM 2009 and MACIS 2009: Asian Symposium of Computer Mathematics and Mathematical Aspects of Computer and Information Sciences, (ASCM 2009), December 14-17 2009, Fukuoka, Japan, COE Lecture Note Vol. 22, Kyushu University, ISSN 1881-4042.
Online Recognition of Multi-Stroke Symbols with Orthogonal Series, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 1265-1269, Proc. 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR 2009), July 26-29 2009, Barcelona, Spain, IEEE Computer Society.
A Collaborative Interface for Multimodal Ink and Audio Documents, Amit Regmi and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 901-905, Proc. 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR 2009), July 26-29 2009, Barcelona, Spain, IEEE Computer Society.
Confidence Measures in Recognizing Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 460-466, Proc. Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2009: 16th Symposium on the Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning and 8th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management , (MKM 2009), July 10-12 2009, Grand Bend, Canada, Springer Verlag LNAI 5625.
Online Computation of Similarity between Handwritten Characters, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Document Recognition and Retrieval XVI, (DRR 2009), Jan 21-22 2009, San Jose, California USA, pp. C1-C10, Vol. 7247, SPIE and IS&T, ISBN 9780819474971, ISSN 0277-786X.
Communicating Mathematics via Pen-Based Computer Interfaces (Invited), Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 9-18, Proc. 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2008), Sept 26-29 2008, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Online Stroke Modeling for Handwriting Recognition, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 72-80, Proc. 18th Annual International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, (CASCON 2008), October 27-30 2008, Toronto, Canada, IBM Canada, ISSN 1705-7345.
An Empirical Measure on the Set of Symbols Occurring in Engineering Mathematics Texts, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 557-564, Proc. 8th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, (DAS 2008), Sept 17-19 2008, Nara, Japan, IEEE Computer Society.
Online Mathematical Symbol Recognition using SVMs with Features from Functional Approximation, Birendra Keshari and Stephen M. Watt, Electronic Proc. Mathematical User-Interfaces Workshop 2008, (MathUI 08), July 27 2008, Birmingham, UK, http://www.activemath.org/workshops/MathUI/08/proceedings.
Context-Sensitive Mathematical Character Recognition, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 604-610, Proc. IAPR International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (ICFHR 2008), August 19-21 2008, Montreal, Canada, CENPARMI Concordia University, ISBN 1-895193-03-6.
Sharing Digital Ink in Heterogeneous Collaborative Environments, Birendra Keshari, Sriganesh Madhvanath, Manoj Prasad A, Muthuselvam Selvaraj and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 580-585, Proc. IAPR International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (ICFHR 2008), August 19-21 2008, Montreal, Canada, CENPARMI Concordia University, ISBN 1-895193-03-6.
Representing and Characterizing Handwritten Mathematical Symbols Through Succinct Functional Approximation, Bruce W. Char and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 1198-1202, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR), September 23-26 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society.
Hybrid Mathematical Symbol Recognition Using Support Vector Machines, Birendra Keshari and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 859-863, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR), September 23-26 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society.
New Aspects of InkML for Pen-Based Computing, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 457-460, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR), September 23-26 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society.
Aspects of Mathematical Expression Analysis in Arabic Handwriting, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 1183-1187, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR), September 23-26 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society.
Streaming-Archival InkML Conversion, Birendra Keshari and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 1253-1257, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR), September 23-26 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society.
A Cross-Application Architecture for Pen-Based Mathematical Interfaces, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, (5 pages), Electronic Proc. Mathematical User Interfaces, (MathUI), June 27 2007, Hagenberg, Austria, http://www.activemath.org/workshops/MathUI/07/proceedings/Smirnova-Watt-MathInk-MathUI07.pdf.
Recognition for Large Sets of Handwritten Mathematical Symbols , Stephen M. Watt and Xiaofang Xie, pp. 740-744, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, (ICDAR 2005), August 29-September 1 2005, Seoul Korea, IEEE Press.
A Context for Pen-Based Computing, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 409-422, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, July 17-21 2005, Waterloo Canada, Maplesoft.
Prototype Pruning by Feature Extraction in Handwritten Mathematical Symbol Recognition, Stephen M. Watt and Xiaofang Xie, pp. 423-437, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, July 17-21 2005, Waterloo Canada, Maplesoft.
Determining Empirical Properties of Mathematical Expression Use , Clare M. So and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 361-375, Proc. Fourth International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, (MKM 2005), July 15-17 2005, Bremen Germany, Springer Verlag LNCS 3863.
An Interactive Mathematical Handwriting Recognizer for the Pocket PC, Bo Wan and S.M. Watt, (7 pages), Proc. International Conference on MathML and Math on the Web, (MathML 2002), http://www.mathmlconference.org/2002, June 28-30 2002, Chicago USA.

Standard Definitions

Ink Markup Language (InkML), Stephen M. Watt and Tom Underhill (editors), Y-M. Chee, K. Franke, M. Froumentin, S. Madhvanath, J-A. Magaña, G. Pakosz, G. Russel, M. Selvaraj, G. Seni, C. Tremblay, L. Yaeger, W3C Recommendation 20 September 2011, (64 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-InkML-20110920, World Wide Web Consortium.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

Feature Extraction using Legendre-Sobolev Representation for Handwritten Mathematical Characters, S.M. Watt, Parisa Alvandi, Polynomial Computer Algebra, (PCA 2019), April 15-20 2019, St Petersburg, Russia.
Optimization and Homotopy in Mathematical Handwriting Recognition (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, South Pacific Optimization Workshop, (SPOW 2015), February 16-18 2015, Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Browser-Based Collaboration with InkChat, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2015), July 20-23 2015, Kalamata, Greece.
Parallel Computing in Mathematical Character Recognition, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, June 25-28 2012, Sofia, Bulgaria.
On the Mathematics of Mathematical Handwriting Recognition (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, September 23-26 2010, Timişoara, Romania.
Writing on Clouds, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, June 24-27 2010, Vlora, Albania.
Analyzing Mathematical Corpora to Improve Mathematical Handwriting Recognition, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 4th European Workshop on Mathematical and Scientific e-Contents, September 11-13 2008, Trondheim, Norway.
Online Stroke Modeling for Handwriting Recognition, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, (ICFHR 2008), August 19-21 2008, Montreal, Canada.
Toward Real-Time Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Oleg Golubitsky and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation, (AISC 2008), July 31-August 2 2008, Birmingham, UK.
Compact Methods for Modelling Handwritten Mathematical Symbols, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2008), July 27-30 2008, Linz, Austria.
A Preliminary Report on the Set of Symbols Occurring in Engineering Mathematics Texts, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 217-219, Proc. Milestones in Computer Algebra: a Conference in Honour of Keith Geddes' 60th Birthday, (MICA 2008), May 1-3 2008, Stonehaven Bay, Trinidad and Tobago, University of Western Ontario , ISBN 978-0-7714-2682-7.
Improving Pen-Based Mathematical Interfaces (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 12, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2006), Sept 26-29 2006, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Components for Pen-Based Mathematical Interfaces, Elena Smirnova, Clare So, Stephen M. Watt and Xiaofang Xie, Proc. 2005 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2005), July 31-August 3 2005, Nara, Japan.

Mathematical Knowledge Management

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Extracting Theory Graphs from Aldor Libraries, Florian Rabe, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 315-320, Proc. 16th Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, (CICM 2023), Sep 4-8 2023, Cambridge, UK, Springer LNAI 14101.
International Mathematical Knowledge Trust (IMKT): An update on the global digital mathematics library, Patrick D.F. Ion, Thierry Bouche, Gadadhar Misra, Alf A. Onshuus, Stephen M. Watt, Liu Zheng, pp. 1157-1176, Proc. International Congress of Mathematicians 2018, (ICM 2018), Aug 1-9 2018, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, World Scientific.
The Global Digital Mathematics Library and the International Mathematical Knowledge Trust, Patrick D. F. Ion and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 59-69, Proc. 10th Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, (CICM 2017), Jul 17-21 2017, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Springer International Publishing, LNAI 10383.
How to Build a Global Digital Mathematic Library (Invited), Stephen M. Watt, pp. 37-40, Proc. 18th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2018), Sept 24-27 2016, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Mathematical Document Classification via Symbol Frequency Analysis, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 29-40, Proc. Towards Digital Mathematics Library, (DML 08), July 27 2008, Birmingham, UK, IEEE Computer Society.
Generating TeX from Mathematical Content with Respect to Notational Settings, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 96-105, Proc. International Conference on Digital Typography & Electronic Publishing: Localization & Internationalization, (TUG 2006), November 9-11 2006, Marakesh, Morocco.
On the Conversion Between Content MathML and OpenMath, Clare M. So and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 169-182, Proc. 2006 Conference on the Communicating Mathematics in the Digital Era, (CMDE 2006), August 15-18 2006, Aveiro, Portugal, A.K. Peters.
Notation Selection in Mathematical Computing Environments, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 339-355, Proc. Transgressive Computing 2006: A conference in honor or Jean Della Dora , (TC 2006), April 24-26 2006, Granada Spain.
XML in Mathematical Web Services, Mike Dewar, Elena Smirnova and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. XML 2005 Conference -- Syntax to Semantics, (XML 2005), http://www.idealliance.org/proceedings/xml05/, (29 pages), November 14-18 2005, Atlanta USA.
Toward an Acessible Web through Semantic Web Standards, Clare M. So, M. Perry and S.M. Watt, pp. 10-16, Proc. 2005 International Conference on Computers for People with Special Needs, (CPSN'05), June 20-23 2005, Las Vagas USA, CSREA Press, ISBN 1-932415-78-5.
An Architecture for Distributed Mathematical Web Services, E. Smirnova, C. So and S.M. Watt, pp. 363-377, Proc. Mathematical Knowledge Management (Third International Conference MKM 2004), September 19-21 2004, Białoweża Poland, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, No. 3119, Springer Verlag , ISBN 3-540-23029-7.
Meta-Stylesheets for the Conversion of Mathematical Documents into Multiple Forms, W.N. Naylor and S.M. Watt, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 38, pp. 3-25, 2003.
MathML, S.M. Watt, pp. 154-160, in Handbook of Computer Algebra J. Grabmeier, E. Kaltofen, V. Weispfenning (editors) , Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2003 , ISBN 3-540-65466-6.
Conserving Implicit Mathematical Semantics in Conversion between T_EX and MathML, S.M. Watt, TUGBoat, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 108, 2002.
Exploiting Implicit Mathematical Semantics in Conversion between T_EX and MathML, S.M. Watt, (13 pages), Proc. Internet Accessible Mathematical Communication, (IAMC 2002), http://www.symbolicnet.org/conferences/iamc02, July 7 2002, Lille France.
A Family of Modular XML Schemas for MathML, S.M. Watt and Yuzhen Xie, (5 pages), Proc. Internet Accessible Mathematical Communication, (IAMC 2002), http://www.symbolicnet.org/conferences/iamc02, July 7 2002, Lille France.
Content-Faithful Transformations for MathML, S. Huerter, I. Rodionov and S.M. Watt, (9 pages), Proc. International Conference on MathML and Math on the Web, (MathML 2002), http://www.mathmlconference.org/2002, June 28-30 2002, Chicago USA.
Meta Stylesheets for the Conversion of Mathematical Documents into Multiple Forms, W.N. Naylor and S.M. Watt, Electronic Proc. International Workshop on Mathematical Knowledge Management, (MKM 2001), http://www.emis.de/proceedings/MKM2001, September 24-26 2001, Linz Austria.
On the Relationship Between OpenMath and MathML, W.N. Naylor and S.M. Watt, Electronic Proc. Internet Accessible Mathematical Communication, (IAMC 2001), http://icm.mcs.kent.edu/research/iamc01proceedings.html, July 22 2001, London Canada.
An OpenMath v1.0 Implementation, S. Dalmas, M. Gaëtano and S.M. Watt, pp. 241-248, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 1997), July 21-23 1997, Kihei, Hawaii, USA, ACM Press 1997.

Standard Definitions

Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition, David Carlisle, Patrick Ion, Robert Miner (editors), Ron Ausbrooks, Stephen Buswell, David Carlisle, Giorgi Chavchanidze, Stéphane Dalmas, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Sam Dooley, Roger Hunter, Patrick Ion, Michael Kohlhase, Azzeddine Lazrek, Paul Libbrecht, Bruce Miller, Robert Miner, Chris Rowley, Murray Sargent, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor, Stephen Watt , ISO/IEC 40314:2015 (Based on W3C REC-MathML3-20140410), (394 pages), http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=58439, International Organization for Standardization.
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0 2nd Edition, David Carlisle, Patrick Ion, Robert Miner (editors), Ron Ausbrooks, Stephen Buswell, David Carlisle, Giorgi Chavchanidze, Stéphane Dalmas, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Sam Dooley, Roger Hunter, Patrick Ion, Michael Kohlhase, Azzeddine Lazrek, Paul Libbrecht, Bruce Miller, Robert Miner, Chris Rowley, Murray Sargent, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor, Stephen Watt , W3C Recommendation 10 April 2014, (403 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-MathML3-20140410, World Wide Web Consortium.
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0, David Carlisle, Patrick Ion, Robert Miner (editors), Ron Ausbrooks, Stephen Buswell, David Carlisle, Giorgi Chavchanidze, Stéphane Dalmas, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Sam Dooley, Roger Hunter, Patrick Ion, Michael Kohlhase, Azzeddine Lazrek, Paul Libbrecht, Bruce Miller, Robert Miner, Chris Rowley, Murray Sargent, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor, Stephen Watt , W3C WD Recommendation 21 October 2010, (385 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-MathML3-20101021, World Wide Web Consortium.
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0 (Second Edition), D. Carlisle, P. Ion, R. Miner, N. Poppelier (editors), R. Ausbrooks, S. Buswell, D. Carlisle, S. Dalmas, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, M. Froumentin, R. Hunter, P. Ion, M. Kohlhase, R. Miner, N. Poppelier, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor, S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 21 October 2003, (541 pages), http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-MathML2-20031021, World Wide Web Consortium.
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0, D. Carlisle, P. Ion, N. Poppelier, R. Miner (editors), R. Ausbrooks, S. Buswell, S. Dalmas, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, R. Hunter, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor, S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 21-February-2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-MathML2-20010221, World Wide Web Consortium.
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 1.01 Specification, P. Ion, R. Miner (editors), S. Buswell, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, P. Ion, R. Miner, N. Poppelier, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor and S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 07-July-1999, http://www.w3.org/1999/07/REC-MathML-19990707, World Wide Web Consortium.
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 1.0 Specification, P. Ion, R. Miner (editors), S. Buswell, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, N. Poppelier, B. Smith, N. Soiffer, R. Sutor and S. Watt, W3C Recommendation 07-April-1998, http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-MathML-19980407, World Wide Web Consortium.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

The International Mathematical Knowledge Trust, Ingrid Caubechies, Patrick Ion, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2017), July 17-21 2017, Jerusalem.
An Approach to Mathematical Notation Selection, E. Smirnova and S.M. Watt, Proc. Second North American Workshop on Mathematical Knowledge Management, (NA-MKM 2004), January 6 2004, Phoenix AZ, USA, http://imps.mcmaster.ca/na-mkm-2004/abstracts/smirnova-watt.pdf.

Research Reports (not subsequently published elsewhere)

Mathematics on the NET -- CA:MONET, E. Smirnova and S.M. Watt, CANARIE E-Content Program, Research Report Final Project Report (25 pages), 2004.
Symbolic Solver Services -- Wrapper Tool, E. Smirnova and S.M. Watt, The MONET Consortium (IST-2001-34145), Research Report (61 pages), 2004.
Content-Faithful Stylesheets for MathML, I. Rodionov and S.M. Watt, Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, Research Report TR-00-14, 2000, (15 pages).
An HTML-Native Math Proposal, S. Buswell, S. Dalmas, S. Devitt, A. Diaz, M. Gaëtano, R. Sutor, T. van Belle and S. Watt, W3C Working Group on HTML Mathematics, March 1997.

Selected Other Contributions

Examples of MathML, S.M. Watt and Xuehong Li, ACM SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 4, Issue 130, December 1999.

Programming Languages and Compilers

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Lightweight Abstraction for Mathematical Computation in Java, Pavel Bourdykine and Stephen Watt, pp. 47-59, Proc. Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, (CASC 2012), September 3-6 2012, Maribor, Slovenia, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32973-9_5, Springer Verlag LNCS 7442.
An Architecture for Generic Extensions, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Science of Computer Programming, Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 258-277, April 2011, Elsevier.
Type Specialization in Aldor, Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 73-84, Proc. 12th International Workshop on Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, (CASC 2010), September 5-12 2010, Tsakhkadzor, Armenia, Springer Verlag LNCS 6244.
An Analytic Model for Colluding Processes, Stephen M. Watt, Vestnik Tambov University: Natural and Technical Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 1730-1747, Tambov University, ISSN 1810-0198.
A New Approach to Parallelising Tracing Algorithms, Cosmin E. Oancea, Alan Mycroft and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 10-19, Proc. 2009 International Symposium on Memory Management, (ISMM 2009), June 19-20 2009, Dublin, Ireland, ACM Press.
Adaptive libraries and interactive code generation for Common Lisp, Geoff Wozniak, Mark Daley and Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 5th European Lisp Workshop, (ELW '08), July 7 2008, Paphos, Cyprus.
Generation and Optimization of Code using Coxeter Lattice Paths (Invited), Thomas J. Ashby, Anthony D. Kennedy and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 1-10, Proc. Parallel Symbolic Computation, (PASCO'07), July 27-28 2007, Waterloo, Canada, ACM Press.
Multiprocessed Parallelism Support in ALDOR on SMPs and Multicores, Marc Moreno Maza, Ben Stephenson, Stephen M. Watt and Yuzhen Xie, pp. 60-68, Proc. Parallel Symbolic Computation, (PASCO'07), July 27-28 2007, Waterloo, Canada, ACM Press.
Generic Programming Techniques in Aldor, Manuel Bronstein, Marc Moreno Maza and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 72-77, Proc. Fifth Asian Workshop on Foundations of Software, (AWFS), June 1-3 2007, Xiamen, China, Universiyt of Xiamen.
Dynamic ADTs: a "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy for Data Abstraction , Geoff Wozniak, Mark Daley and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 209-220, Proc. International Lisp Conference, (ILC), April 1-4 2007, Cambridge UK, Association of Lisp Users.
A Localized Tracing Scheme applied to Garbage Collection, Yannis Chicha and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 323-339, Proc. The Fourth Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and Systems, (APLAS 2006), November 8-10 2006, Sydney, Australia, Springer Verlag LNCS 4279.
Post Facto Type Extension for Mathematical Programming, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 26-31, Proc. Domain-Specific Aspect Languages, (SIGPLAN/SIGSOFT DSAL 2006), October 23 2006, Portland OR, USA.
Generic Library Extension in a Heterogeneous Environment, Cosmin E. Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 25-34, Proc. Library Centric Software Design, (LCSD 2006), October 22 2006, Portland OR, USA.
A Technique for Generic Iteration and Its Optimization, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 76-86, Proc. ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Generic Programming 2006, (WGP 2006), September 16 2006, Portland Oregon, USA, ACM.
On the Performance of Parametric Polymorphism in Maple, Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 35-42, Proc. Maple Conference 2006, (MSC 2006), July 23-26 2006, Waterloo Canada, Maplesoft.
Parametric Polymorphism for Software Component Architectures, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 147-166, Proc. 20th Annual ACM Conference on Object Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications, (OOPSLA'05), October 16-20 2005, San Diego USA, ACM Press.
Performance Analysis of Generics for Scientific Computing , Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 93-100, Proc. 7th Internatioanl Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms in Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2005), September 25-29 2005, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Press.
Parametric Polymorphism Optimization for Deeply Nested Types in Computer Algebra, Laurentiu Dragan and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 243-259, Proc. Maple Conference 2005, July 17-21 2005, Waterloo Canada, Maplesoft.
Distributed Models of Thread-Level Speculation, C. Oancea, J.W.A. Selby, M.W. Giesbrecht and S.M. Watt, pp. 920-927, Proc. 2005 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, (PDPTA'05), June 27-30 2005, Las Vagas USA, CSREA Press, ISBN 1-932415-58-0/59-9/60-2/61-0.
Debugging A High-Level Language via a Unified Interpreter and Compiler Runtime Environment (Extended Version), J. Cai, M. Moreno Maza, S.M. Watt and M. Dunstan, pp. 125-138, Proc. Tenth International Conference on Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2004), July 21-23 2004, Beaumont Texas, Lamar University, , ISBN 0-9759946-0-3.
Debugging A High-Level Language via a Unified Interpreter and Compiler Runtime Environment, J. Cai, M. Moreno Maza, S.M. Watt and M. Dunstan, pp. 119-124, Actas de los Encuentros de Algebra Computacional y Aplicaciones (EACA) 2004, July 1-3 2004, Santander Spain, Universitad de Cantabria, , ISBN 84-688-6988-04.
Aldor, S.M. Watt, pp. 265-270, in Handbook of Computer Algebra J. Grabmeier, E. Kaltofen, V. Weispfenning (editors) , Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2003 , ISBN 3-540-65466-6.
A Study in the Integration of Computer Algebra Systems: Memory Management in a Maple-Aldor Environment (Invited), S.M. Watt, pp. 405-410, Proc. International Congress of Mathematical Software, (ICMS), August 17-19 2002, Beijing China, World Scientific 2002.
A Lisp Subset Based on MathML, Yuzhen Xie, S.M. Watt, and L. Padovani, (7 pages), Proc. International Conference on MathML and Math on the Web, (MathML 2002), http://www.mathmlconference.org/2002, June 28-30 2002, Chicago USA.
On the Implementation of Dynamic Evaluation, P.A. Broadbery, T. Gómez-Díaz and S.M. Watt, pp. 77-84, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 1995), July 10-12 1995, Montreal, Canada, ACM Press 1995.
A First Report on the A^# Compiler, S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, S.S. Dooley, P. Iglio, J.M. Steinbach and R.S. Sutor, pp. 25-31, Proc. International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, (ISSAC 1994), July 20-22 1994, Oxford, England, ACM Press 1994.
The Scratchpad II Type System: Domains and Subdomains, S.M. Watt, R.D. Jenks, R.S. Sutor and B.M. Trager, pp. 63-82, in Computing Tools For Scientific Problem Solving A. Miola (ed.) , Academic Press 1990.

Patents

Computer-Program Compilers Comprising a Program Augmentation Capability, U.S. Patent Number 6,397,380, C.J. Bittner, B.M. Grossman, R.D. Jenks, S.M. Watt and R.Q. Williams, International Class G06F 009/45, Issued May 28, 2002.
Computer-Program Compilers Comprising a Program Augmentation Capability, U.S. Patent Number 6,223,341, C.J. Bittner, B.M. Grossman, R.D. Jenks, S.M. Watt and R.Q. Williams, International Class G06F 009/45, Issued April 24, 2001.

Books

Aldor User Guide, S.M. Watt, M. Moreno Maza, http://www.aldor.org/docs/aldorug.pdf, (302 pages), Aldor.org 2003.
AXIOM Library Compiler User Guide, S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, S.S. Dooley, P. Iglio, S.C. Morrison, J.M. Steinbach and R.S. Sutor, (xx + 508 pages), The Numerical Algorithms Group, Ltd., Oxford 1994, ISBN 1-85206-106-5.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

Garbage Collecting the World Wide Web, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, June 25-28 2012, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Optimizing Compilation for Symbolic-Numeric Computing (Invited), S.M. Watt, pp. 18, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computation, (SYNASC 2004), September 26-30 2004, Timişoara Romania, MITRON Press , ISBN 973-661-441-7.
Interoperability of Languages with Generics, using Aldor, C++ and Java, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, pp. 9-10, Proc. 1999 Frisco Workshop, April 28-29 1999, Oxford, UK, FRISCO Consortium ESPRIT LTR 21.024, Report 5.6.1, http://www.nag.co.uk/Projects/Frisco/ws/proceedings.ps.
Abstract Datatypes, Multiple Views and Multiple Inheritance in Scratchpad II, S.M. Watt and R.D. Jenks, Programming Language Technology ITL Conference, February 10-12 1987, Tucson Arizona, IBM Corporation.

Research Reports (not subsequently published elsewhere)

GIDL User Guide, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, Research Report TR-06-09 (55 pages), 2006.
Alma User Guide, Cosmin Oancea and Stephen M. Watt, Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, Research Report TR-06-08 (7 pages), 2006.
reflex: A Scanner Transformer for Unicode Grammars, S.L. Huerter and S.M. Watt, Ontario Research Centre for Computer Algebra (ORCCA), University of Western Ontario, Research Report TR-06-07 (34 pages), 2006.
Automation of the Aldor/C++ Interface: User's Guide, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, FRISCO Consoritum, Research Report D2.2.2c (119 pages), 1999, (also UWO Dept of Computer Science TR-537).
Automation of the Aldor/C++ Interface: Technical Reference, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, FRISCO Consoritum, Research Report D2.2.2b (21 pages), 1999, (also UWO Dept of Computer Science TR-538).
A C++ to XML Translator, Y. Chicha, F. Defaix and S.M. Watt, FRISCO Consoritum, Research Report D2.2.2a (50 pages), 1998, (also UWO Dept of Computer Science TR-536).
An Object Model Correspondence for Aldor and C++, M. Gaëtano and S.M. Watt, FRISCO Consoritum, Research Report D2.2.1 (18 pages), 1997.
A First Report on the A^# Compiler (including benchmarks), S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, S.S. Dooley, P. Iglio, S.C. Morrison, J.M. Steinbach and R.S. Sutor, IBM Research, Research Report RC 19529, 1994.
FOAM: A First Order Abstract Machine, V 0.35, S.M. Watt, P.A. Broadbery, P. Iglio, S.C. Morrison and J.M. Steinbach, IBM Research, Research Report RC 19528, 1994.

Selected Other Contributions

Domains and Subdomains in Scratchpad II, S. M. Watt, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 3-5, Nov 1 1987.

Other Subjects

Refereed Conference Papers, Journal Articles and Book Chapters

Origami Folds in Higher-dimension, Tetsuo and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 83-95, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Symbolic COmputation in Software Science, (SCSS 2017), Apr 6-9 2017, Gammarth, Tunisia, EPiC Series in Computing, vol. 45.
Combinatorics of Hybrid Sets, Shaoshi Chen and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 60-64, Proc. 18th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2018), Sept 24-27 2016, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Modelling and Simulation for the Analysis of Securities Markets, Rui Hu, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 23-29, Proc. Sixth International Symposium on Symbolic Computation in Software Science, (SCSS 2014), Dec 7-8 2014, Gammarth, Tunisia.
An Agent-Based Financial Market Simulator for Evaluation of Algorithmic Trading Strategies, Rui Hu and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 221-227, Proc. Sixth International Conference on Advances in System Simulation, (SIMUL 2014), Oct 12-16 2014, Nice, France.
Distance-Based High-Frequency Trading, Travis Felker, Vadim Mazalov and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 2055-2064, Proc. 14th International Conference on Computational Science, (ICCS 2014), June 10-12 2014, Cairns, Australia, Elsevier Procedia Computer Science, Volume 29, 2014.
What is an Equation? (Invited), Solomon Marcus and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 23-29, Proc. 14th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, (SYNASC 2012), Sept 26-29 2012, Timişoara Romania, IEEE Computer Society.
Performance Rights for Software, Mark Perry and Stephen M. Watt, pp. 59-64, Proc. Fourth IASTED Internatioanl Conference on Law and Technology, (LAWTECH 2006), October 9-11 2006, Cambridge Massacusetts, USA, ACTA Press.

Dissertations

Intrinsic Symmetries and Other Constraints in General Relativity, Stephen M. Watt, (xiii + 190 pages), MMath Thesis, Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo 1981.

Refereed and Invited Abstracts

Computer Algebra, Student Assessment and Learning Data Analysis, David Smith, Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2022), August 15-19 2022, Istanbul-Gebze, Turkey.
Computer Algebra in Onlne STEM Education, C. James Cooper and Stephen M. Watt, Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2017), July 17-21 2017, Jerusalem.
Regular Language Homomorphisms and Transition Complexity: Dealing with Large Alphabets, Stephen M. Watt, 15th Workshop on Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems, (DCFS 2013), July 22-25 2013, London, Canada.
Routing and Scheduling Challenges for a Service Provider, Srinivas Chatrathi, Devang Dave, Girish Palliyil, Stephen M. Watt and Kenneth Wood, Discrete Optimization: Workshop on Applications in Transport, Logistics and Networks, October 12-15 2010, Sydney, Australia.
Admissible Symmetries of the Electromagnetic Field in LRS Spacetimes, Stephen M. Watt, (COSMO 08), August 25-29 2008, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
An Algorithm for PDE Consistency under Constraints with an Application to Relativistic Cosmology, Stephen M. Watt, Proc. 2006 Conference on the Applications of Computer Algebra, (ACA 2006), June 26-29 2006, Varna, Bulgaria.
Construction of Algebraic Error Control Codes on the Elliptic Riemann Surface, M. Hassner, W. Burge, S.M. Watt, pp. 57, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Theory, June 19-24 1988, Japan, IEEE Press 1988.

Selected Other Contributions

Interview with the (New) Dean, pp. 16-17, mathNEWS, Friday, July 24, 2015, University of Waterloo MathSoc, 2015.
The Perpetual Youth of Solomon Marcus, Stephen M. Watt, pp. 1431-1433, in Meetings with Solomon Marcus Lavinia Spandonide and Gheorghe Paun (editors) , Spandugino, 2011.
Manuel Eric Bronstein: in memoriam, Stephen M. Watt, SIGSAM Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 144-145, Issue 154, December 2005.
Construction of Algebraic Error Control Codes (ECC) on the Elliptic Riemann Surface, M. Hassner, W.H. Burge and S.M. Watt, Scratchpad II Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 5-8, Nov 1, 1987.