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Internet Server Performance Readings

Tim B. Brecht 

brecht@cs.uwaterloo.ca

    Reading Research Papers

  1. Paper Reading Check List
    Sugih Jamin, jamin@eecs.umich.edu.
  2. How to Read a Research Paper
    by Spencer Rugaber

    Writing, Submitting, and Presenting Papers

    Note that much of the advice in these guides applies to almost any conference.

  3. How to Increase the Chances Your Paper is Accepted at ACM SIGCOMM
    Craig Partridge
  4. An Evaluation of the Ninth SOSP Submissions or How (and How Not) to Write a Good Systems Paper
    R. Levin, D. Redell, Operating Systems Review, July 1983, pp. 35-40.
  5. How to get your paper accepted at OOPSLA
    OOPSLA Proceedings, Appendix, pp. 359-363, 1991.
  6. How to Get a Paper Accepted at OOPSLA (panel discussion)
    OOPSLA proceedings, pp 429-436, 1993.
  7. How to give a good research talk,
    SL Peyton Jones, J Launchbury, J Hughes, SIGPLAN Notices 28(11), Nov 1993.
    Since the paper was written the authors have received and made available constructive comments.

    Introduction to Web Servers

  8. Web Servers. Erich Nahum.
    Book chapter to appear, Linux Server Performance Tuning, Prentice Hall, 2004. Sandra Johnson, Ed.

    Some Classics and Some General Papers

  9. Hints for Computer System Design,
    Butler W. Lampson, IEEE Software, 1(1):11-28, January 1984.
    (also appears in Proc. of the 9th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pp. 33-48, October 1983).
  10. End-to-End Arguments in System Design,
    J.H. Salzer, D.P. Reed and D.D. Clark, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, Vol. 2, No. 4, Nov 1984, p. 277-288.
  11. Should Computer Scientists Experiment More?,
    Walter F. Tichy, IEEE Computer, 31 (5), pp. 32-40, May 1998.
  12. How to Experiment
    Walter F. Tichy, (sidebar to the above)
  13. Experimental Computer Science: The Need for a Cultural Change.
    Dror. G. Feitelson, Manuscript, 2006.

    Event Notification and Dispatch

    Papers, Talks, and Notes

  14. Comparing and Evaluating epoll, select, and poll Event Mechanisms,
    Louay Gammo, Tim Brecht, Amol Shukla, David Pariag, Ottawa Linux Symposium, Ottawa, Canada, July, 2004.
  15. accept()able Strategies for Improving Web Server Performance,
    Tim Brecht, David Pariag, Louay Gammo, 2004 USENIX Annual Technical Conference: General Track, Boston, June, 2004.
  16. Kernel Support for Faster Web Proxies
    Marcel-Catalin Rosu and Daniela Rosu USENIX 2003 Annual Technical Conference, June 2003.
  17. Why Events Are A Bad Idea (for High-concurrency Servers)
    Rob von Behren, Jeremy Condit, and Eric Brewer, 9th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS IX), May 2003.
  18. Event-driven programming for robust software,
    Frank Dabek, Nickolai Zeldovich, M. Frans Kaashoek, David Mazières, and Robert Morris, Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop, pages 186-189, September 2002.
  19. Multiprocessor Support for Event-Driven Programs,
    Nickolai Zeldovich, Alexander Yip, Frank Dabek, Robert T. Morris, David Mazieres, Frans Kaashoek, USENIX 2003 Annual Technical Conference, June 2003.
  20. High-Performance Memory-Based Web Servers: Kernel and User-Space Performance.
    Philippe Joubert, Robert B. King, Richard Neves, Mark Russinovich, John M. Tracey, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, General Track, 2001, pp 175-187.
  21. Lightweight Kernel/User Communication for Real-Time and Multimedia Applications
    Christian Poellabauer, Karsten Schwan, and Richard West, Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV 2001), Port Jefferson, NY, June 2001.
  22. Kqueue: A generic and scalable event notification facility
    Jonathan Lemon BSDCon 2000 conference in Monterey, CA,
    A similar paper was also published in the proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, FREENIX Track, pp. 141-153, 2001.
  23. A Mechanism for Scalable Event Notification and Delivery in Linux,
    Michal Ostrowski, M.Math Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, November, 2000.
  24. Scalable Network I/O in Linux,
    N. Provos, C. Lever, Proceedings of USENIX FREENIX track, San Diego, California, June, 2000
    This paper is about /dev/poll in Linux.
  25. A scalable and explicit event delivery mechanism for UNIX
    Gaurav Banga, Jeffrey C, Mogul, and Peter Druschel, In Proceedings of the USENIX 1999 Annual Technical Conference, Monterey, CA, June 1999.
  26. Scalability of Linux Event-Dispatch Mechanisms
    A. Chandra and D. Mosberger Proceedings of the 2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, June 2001.
  27. Exploring the Performance of Select-based Internet Servers
    Tim Brecht and Michal Ostrowski, HP Labs Technical Report HPL-2001-314, November, 2001.
  28. Asynchronous I/O vs /dev/epoll (Talk Slides)
    Benjamin LaHaise, Ottawa Linux Symposium, 2002.
  29. Design Notes on Asynchronous I/O (aio) for Linux
    by Suparna Bhattacharya.

    Web Sites / Links

  30. The C10K Problem web site
    by Dan Kegel, describes several issues related to building a server that can handle 10,000 connections per second.
  31. Dan Kegel's site
    also contains serveral interesting links.
  32. Linix AIO Mailing List Archives
  33. /pub/linux/kernel/people/bcrl/aio
    Benjamin LaHaise
  34. POSIX Asynchronous I/O Standard
    (see aio_* and lio_listio)
  35. HP-UX Man Pages for AIO
  36. IBM ASYNC AIO Information
  37. KAIO
    at SGI.
  38. Windows Sockets 2.0: Write Scalable Winsock Apps Using Completion Ports
    Anthony Jones and Amol Deshpande.
  39. Inside I/O Completion Port
    Mark Russinovich, July 30, 1998.
  40. /dev/epoll
    Davide Libenzi
  41. epoll Scalability Web Page
    Linux Kernel sys_epoll discussions

    Other Operating System Support

  42. Scheduler Activations: Effective Kernel Support for the User-Level Management of Parallelism,
    Tom Anderson, Brian Bershad, Ed Lazowska, Hank Levy,
    ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), 1992.
  43. Capriccio: Scalable Threads for Internet Services
    Rob von Behren, Jeremy Condit, Feng Zhou, George C. Necula, Eric Brewer Proceedings of the 19th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP-19), Sepember, 2003.
  44. IO-Lite: A Unified I/O Buffering and Caching System.
    Vivek Pai, Peter Druschel, and Willy Zwaenepoel In ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp.37-66, February 2000.
  45. IO-Lite: A Unified I/O Buffering and Caching System.
    Vivek Pai, Peter Druschel, and Willy Zwaenepoel, 3rd Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI), Februrary, 1999.
  46. Scalable Kernel Performance for Internet Servers Under Realistic Loads,
    Gaurav Banga and Jeff Mogul, In the Proceedings of the USENIX 1998 Technical Conference, New Orleans, LA, June 1998.
    An expanded version of this paper appears as Compaq WRL Research Report 98/6.
  47. Resource containers: A new facility for resource management in server systems,
    Gaurav Banga, Peter Druschel, and Jeff Mogul, In the Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI), New Orleans, LA, February 1999.
  48. Efficient Operating System Support for Group Unicast,
    Martin Karsten, Jialin Song, Michael Kwok, Tim Brecht,
    15th International Worshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV 2005),
    Skamania, Washington, June, 2005.
  49. Trickles: A Stateless Network Stack for Improved Scalability, Resilience and Flexibility.
    Alan Shieh, Andrew Myers, Emin Gun Sirer.
    Networked System Design and Implementation, Boston, Massachusetts, May 2005.

    Some types of Scheduling in Servers

  50. Size-based Scheduling to Improve Web Performance,
    Mor Harchol-Balter, Bianca Schroeder, Nikhil Bansal, Mukesh Agrawal, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems , Vol. 21, No. 2, May 2003.
  51. Connection Scheduling in Web Servers
    M. E. Crovella, R. Frangioso, and M. Harchol-Balter, In Proceedings of the 1999 USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS '99), Boulder, Colorado, October 1999.
  52. The Origins of Network Server Latency & the Myth of Connection Scheduling
    Yaoping Ruan and Vivek Pai,
    Princeton Technical Report TR-694-04, 2004.
  53. Understanding and Addressing Blocking-Induced Network Server Latency
    Yaoping Ruan and Vivek S. Pai
    Proceedings of the USENIX 2006 Annual Technical Conference (USENIX '06) Boston, MA, June 2006

    Interrupt Moderation

  54. Beyond Softnet
    Jamal Hadi Salim, Robert Olsson, and Alexey Kuznetsov, Proceedings of the 5th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference, pp. 165-172, 2001.
  55. Eliminating Receive Livelock in an Interrupt-driven Kernel, Jeffrey Mogul and K.K. Ramakrishnan, Proceedings of the USENIX 1996 Annual Technical Conference San Diego, California, January 1996.
  56. Lazy receiver processing (LRP): a network subsystem architecture for server systems, Peter Druschel and Gaurav Banga, Proceedings of the second USENIX symposium on Operating systems design and implementation (OSDI), pp: 261 - 275, October 1996.

    Load Conditioning / Handling Overload

  57. Persistent Dropping: An Efficient Control of Traffic Aggregates,
    H. Jamjoom and K. G. Shin, Proc. of SIGCOMM'03, Karlsruhe, Germany, August 25-29, 2003
  58. Dynamic Resource Allocation for Shared Data Centers Using Online Measurements
    Abhishek Chandra, Weibo Gong and Prashant Shenoy.
    To appear in the Proceedings of the Eleventh International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS 2003), Monterey, CA, June 2003.
  59. Adaptive Overload Control for Busy Internet Servers,
    Matt Welsh and David Culler, To appear in Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS'03), March 2003.
  60. SEDA: An Architecture for Well-Conditioned, Scalable Internet Services
    Matt Welsh, David Culler, Eric Brewer, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP-18), Banff, Canada, October, 2001.
  61. An Architecture for Highly Concurrent, Well-Conditioned Internet Services,
    Matt Welsh. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, August 2002
  62. Analyzing the Overload Behavior of a Simple Web Server
    Niels Provos Chuck Lever, and Stephen Tweedie, Proc. 4th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference, Atlanta, October 2000.
  63. Overload Control Mechanisms for Web Servers
    V. Tewari, R. Iyer, and K. Kant, Performance and QoS of Next Generation Networks, Nagoya, Japan, Nov 2000, pp 225-244.
  64. Kernel Mechanisms for Service Differentiation in Overloaded Web Servers,
    Thiemo Voigt, Renu Tewari, Douglas Freimuth and Ashish Mehra, Usenix Annual Technical Conference 2001.
  65. Handling Multiple Bottlenecks in Web Servers Using Adaptive Inbound Controls,
    Thiemo Voigt and Per Gunningberg. International Workshop on Protocols For High-Speed Networks, April 2002, Berlin, Germany

    Adaptive Control

  66. Magpie: Online Modelling and Performance-aware Systems
    Paul Barham, Rebecca Isaacs, Richard Mortier, and Dushyanth Narayanan, 9th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS IX), May, 2003.
  67. Using Performance Reflection in Systems Software
    Robert Fowler, Alan Cox, Sameh Elnikety and Willy Zwaenepoel, 9th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS IX), May, 2003.
  68. An Introduction to Control Theory With Applications to Computer Science
    (Powerpoint Slides)
    J.L. Hellerstein and S Parekh, ACM Sigmetrics, 2001.
  69. On-Line Response Time Optimization of An Apache Web Server
    Yixin Diao, Xue Lui, Steve Froehlich, Joseph L Hellerstein, Sujay Parekh, and Lui Sha. To appear in International Workshop on Quality of Service, 2003.
  70. Managing Web Server Performance with AutoTune Agents,
    Y Diao, JL Hellerstein, S Parekh, JP Bigus. IBM Systems Journal, Vol 42, No. 1, 2003.
  71. Using MIMO Feedback Control to Enforce Policies for Interrelated Metrics With Application to the Apache Web Server,
    Y Diao, N Gandhi, JL Hellerstein, S Parekh, and DM Tilbury. Network Operations and Management, April 15-19 2002, pp. 219-234.
  72. MIMO Control of an Apache Web Server: Modeling and Controller Design,
    Y Diao, N Gandhi, JL Hellerstein, S Parekh, and DM Tilbury, American Control Conference, 2002.

    Some Server Implementations

  73. Performance Issues in WWW Servers,
    Erich M. Nahum, Tsipora Barzilai, and Dilip Kandlur. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2002.
  74. Flash: An Efficient and Portable Web Server.
    Vivek S. Pai, Peter Druschel, and Willy Zwaenepoel In Proceedings of the USENIX 1999 Annual Technical Conference, Monterey, CA, June 1999.
  75. Red Hat Content Accelerator 2.2 (previously known as TUX)
    Red Hat's Web Site
  76. An analysis of the TUX web server,
    C. Lever, M. Eriksen, S. Molloy, University of Michigan, CITI Technical Report 00-8, November 2000.
  77. Comparing High Performance Web Servers
    Zeus Technologies Web Site
    Zeus Technologies - Technical White Papers
  78. Apache Web Server Documentation
    Apache.org Web Site
  79. Apache V2.0 for Windows
    Bill Stoddard, ApacheCon Europe, October 23, 2000.
    A possible source of info for Windows specific optimizations (e.g., AcceptEx(), TransmitFile(), using I/O completion ports, etc).

    Server Architectures (and Threads vs. Events)

  80. Threads Cannot Be Implemented As a Library,
    Hans Boehm, Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2005 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, June 2005, pp. 261-268.
  81. Why Threads Are A Bad Idea (for most purposes)
    John Ousterhout, Invited talk, USENIX 1996 Annual Technical Conference, January, 1996.
  82. Flash: An Efficient and Portable Web Server.
    Vivek S. Pai, Peter Druschel, and Willy Zwaenepoel In Proceedings of the USENIX 1999 Annual Technical Conference, Monterey, CA, June 1999.
  83. Cooperative Task Management without Manual Stack Management, or, Event-driven Programming is Not the Opposite of Threaded Programming
    Atul Adya, Jon Howell, Marvin Theimer, William J. Bolosky, John R. Douceur, USENIX 2002 Annual Technical Conference, June 2002.
  84. Why Events Are A Bad Idea (for High-concurrency Servers)
    Rob von Behren, Jeremy Condit, and Eric Brewer, 9th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS IX), May 2003.
  85. Capriccio: Scalable Threads for Internet Services
    Rob von Behren, Jeremy Condit, Feng Zhou, George C. Necula, Eric Brewer Proceedings of the 19th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP-19), Sepember, 2003.
  86. Event-driven programming for robust software,
    Frank Dabek, Nickolai Zeldovich, M. Frans Kaashoek, David Mazières, and Robert Morris, Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop, pages 186-189, September 2002.
  87. Multiprocessor Support for Event-Driven Programs,
    Nickolai Zeldovich, Alexander Yip, Frank Dabek, Robert T. Morris, David Mazieres, Frans Kaashoek, USENIX 2003 Annual Technical Conference, June 2003.
  88. Lazy Asynchronous I/O For Event-Driven Servers
    Khaled Elmeleegy, Anupam Chanda, Alan L. Cox, and Willy Zwaenepoel USENIX 2004 Annual Technical Conference, June 2004.
  89. Connection Conditioning: Architecture-Independent Support for Simple, Robust Servers
    KyoungSoo Park and Vivek S. Pai,
    NSDI 2006.

    Other Types of Servers/Services

  90. Colyseus: A Distributed Architecture for Online Multiplayer Games
    Ashwin Bharambe, Jeffrey Pang, and Srinivasan Seshan,
    NSDI 2006.
  91. An Architecture for Internet Data Transfer
    Niraj Tolia, Michael Kaminsky, David G. Andersen and Swapnil Patil,
    NSDI 2006.
  92. Client and Feed Characteristics of RSS, A Publish-Subscribe System for Web Micronews.
    Hongzhou Liu, Venugopalan Ramasubramanian, Emin Gun Sirer.
    In Proceedings of Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), Berkeley, California, October 2005.
  93. Corona: A High Performance Publish-Subscribe System for the World Wide Web,
    Venugopalan Ramasubramanian, Ryan Peterson, and Emin Gun Sirer,
    NSDI 2006.
  94. OpenDHT: A Public DHT Service and Its Uses,
    Sean Rhea, Brighten Godfrey, Brad Karp, John Kubiatowicz, Sylvia Ratnasamy, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica, and Harlan Yu
    Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2005, August 2005.
  95. Xen and the Art of Virtualization,
    Paul Barham, Boris Dragovic, Keir Fraser, Steve Hand, Tim Harris, Alex Ho, Rolf Neugebauer, Ian Pratt, Andrew Warfield
    19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), October 2003.
  96. Live Migration of Virtual Machines,
    Christopher Clark, Keir Fraser, Steven Hand, Jacob Gorm Hansen, Eric Jul, Christian Limpach, Ian Pratt and Andrew Warfield.
    USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), May 2005.

    Benchmarking / Workload Generation

  97. Generating Representative Web Workloads for Network and Server Performance Evaluation,
    Barford and Crovella, SIGMETRICS, 1998, pp. 151-160.
  98. httperf---A Tool for Measuring Web Server Performance
    David Mosberger and Tai Jin, Performance Evaluation Review, Volume 26, Number 3, December 1998, 31-37. (Originally appeared in Proceedings of the 1998 Internet Server Performance Workshop, June 1998, 59-67.)
  99. Measuring the Capacity of a Web Server
    Gaurav Banga and Peter Druschel, In USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS). Monterrey, CA, Dec 1997.
  100. Measuring the Capacity of a Web Server under Realistic Loads Gaurav Banaga and Peter Druschel, World Wide Web (Special issue on World Wide Web Characterization and Performance Evaluation), 2(1):69-83, May 1999.
  101. Deconstructing SPECweb99,
    Erich Nahum. 7th International Workshop on Web Content Caching and Distribution (WCW) August 2002 (Boulder, CO).
  102. Specweb99
  103. Specweb2005
  104. Benchmarking Web Servers on Linux
    Zeus Technologies
  105. ksniffer: Determining the Remote Client Perceived Response Times from Live Packet Streams, David Olshefski, Jason Nieh and Erich Nahum.
    USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), San Francisco, December, 2004
  106. sMonitor: A Non-Intrusive Client-Perceived End-to-End Performance Monitor of Secured Internet Services
    Jianbin Wei and Cheng-Zhong Xu,
    USENIX 2006.
  107. Open Versus Closed: A Cautionary Tale
    Bianca Schroeder, Adam Wierman, and Mor Harchol-Balter,
    NSDI 2006.

    Workloads and their Characterization

  108. Web Workload Characterization: Ten Years Later
    Adepele Williams, Martin Arlitt, Carey Williamson, and Ken Barker.
    Book chapter. 2005.
  109. Tracking the Evolution of Web Traffic: 1995-2003,
    F. Hernandez-Campos, K. Jeffay, F.D. Smith, ACM MASCOTS 2003, Orlando, FL, October 2003.
  110. Workload Characterization for an E-Commerce Site Qing Wang, Dwight Makaroff, H. Keith Edwards, Ryan Thompson
    CASCON, 2003.
  111. Deconstructing SPECweb99,
    Erich Nahum. 7th International Workshop on Web Content Caching and Distribution (WCW), Boulder, CO, August 2002.
  112. Web Server Workload Characterization: The Search for Invariants
    M. Arlitt and C. Williamson, Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on the Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 126-137, May 23-26, 1996. also appears in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1997.
  113. Internet Web Servers: Workload Characterization and Performance Implications,
    M. Arlitt and C. Williamson, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking , Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 631-645, October 1997.
  114. Characterizing the Scalability of a Large Web-based Shopping System
    M. Arlitt, D. Krishnamurthy and J. Rolia, To appear in ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, Vol. 1, Iss. 1, June 2001. Available as HPL Technical Report HPL-2001-110.
  115. Workload Characterization of the 1998 World Cup Web Site
    M. Arlitt and T. Jin, IEEE Network, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 30-37, May/June 2000.
    Extended version available as HPL Technical Report HPL-1999-35R1.

    Caching

  116. Storage management for web proxies.
    Elizabeth Shriver, Eran Gabber, Lan Huang, and Christopher Stein. In Proceedings of the 2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, Boston, MA, pages 203-216, June 2001 (this is really about file systems).
  117. Reducing the Disk I/O of Web Proxy Server Caches,
    Carlos Maltzahn, Kathy Richardson and Dirk Grunwald, Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, 1999.
  118. Cost-Aware WWW Proxy Caching Algorithms,
    Pei Cao and Sandy Irani, Proceedings of the 1997 USENIX Symposium on Internet Technology and Systems, pp. 193-206, Dec 1997.
  119. Trace-Driven Simulation of Document Caching Strategies for Internet Web Servers
    Martin F. Arlitt and Carey L. Williamson Simulation, Special Issue: Modeling and Simulaiton of Computer Systems and Networks. Vol. 68, No. 1, January, 1997.
  120. Removal Policies in Network Caches for World-Wide Web Documents
    Williams, Abrams, Standridge, Abdulla, and Fox, SIGCOMM, 1996, pp. 293-305.
  121. Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Duplicate Transfer Detection in HTTP,
    Jeffrey C. Mogul, Yee Man Chan, Terence Kelly,
    NSDI 2004.

    Dynamic Content

  122. Performance Benchmarking of Dynamic Web Technologies (Extended Version)
    Lance Titchkosky, Martin Arlitt, and Carey Williamson.
    Performance Evaluation Review, December, 2003.
  123. C Server Pages: An Architecture for Dynamic Web Content Generation
    John Millaway and Phillip Conrad, WWW2003, Budapest, Hungary, May 20-24, 2003.
    Note: source code is available.
  124. Specification and Implementation of Dynamic Web Site Benchmarks
    Cristiana Amza, Anupam Chanda, Alan L. Cox, Sameh Elnikety, Romer Gil, Karthick Rajamani, and Willy Zwaenepoel, Fifth Annual IEEE International Workshop on Workload Characterization (WWC-5), November 2002.
  125. Performance and Scalability of EJB Applications
    Emmanuel Cecchet, Julie Marguerite, and Willy Zwaenepoel, 17th Annual ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA'02) - Seattle, WA, USA - November 4-8, 2002.
  126. The DynaServer Project
    at Rice University. Contains links to source code for benchmarks, etc.
  127. Proxy-Based Acceleration of Dynamically Generated Content on the World Wide Web: An Approach and Implementation.
    Anindya Datta, Kaushik Dntta, Helen M. Thomas, Debra E. VanderMeer, Sumsha, and Krithi Ramamritham. SIGMOD, 2002.
    at Rice University
  128. Dynamic Content for the Masses - Dynamic Web Server Functions for Non-programmer Webmasters
    Richard Roth

    Wide Area Networks: Impact and Simulation

  129. Scalability and Accuracy in a Large-Scale Network Emulator
    Amin Vahdat, Ken Yocum, Kevin Walsh, Priya Mahadevan, Dejan Kostic, Jeff Chase, and David Becker. Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, December 2002.
  130. The Effects of Wide-Area Conditions on WWW Server Performance
    Erich M. Nahum, Marcel Rosu, Srinivasan Seshan, Jussara Almeida. ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, Cambridge, MA, June 2001.
  131. A Case Study of Web Server Benchmarking Using Parallel WAN Emulation
    Carey Williamson, Rob Simmonds, and Martin Arlitt, This is an extended version of a paper that appears in Performance Evaluation, Vol. 49, No. 1-4, pp. 111-127, September 2002 (Proceedings of IFIP Performance 2002 conference, Rome, Italy, September 2002). It has the HTTP/1.1 experiments with the IP-TNE network emulator.
  132. Emulation-based Evaluation of an Architecture for Wide-Area Service Composition,
    Bhaskaran Raman and Randy H. Katz, International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS 2002), July 2002.
  133. The Click Modular Router,
    Eddie Kohler, Robert Morris, Benjie Chen, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 18(3), August 2000, pages 263-297.
    The Click Web Site
  134. Flexible Control of Parallelism in a Multiprocessor PC Router,
    Benjie Chen and Robert Morris, Proceedings of the USENIX 2001 Annual Technical Conference, June 2001, pages 333-346.
    (This paper is about an SMP implementation of Click).
  135. Dummynet
    by Luigi Rizzo.

    Ethernet Card Performance

  136. Performance Evaluation of Copper-based Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces
    Paul Grey and Anthony Betz, Workshop on High-Speed Local Networks, November, 2002.
  137. VIA Communication Performance on a Gigabit Ethernet Cluster
    M. Baker, P.A. Farrel, H. Ong and, S. Scott, Proceedings of EuroPar 2001, Springer Lecture note in Computer Science, 2001.
  138. Performance Measurements on Gigabit Ethernet NICs and Server Quality Motherboards,
    R. Hughes-Jones, S. Dallison, G. Fairey, P. Clarke and I. Bridge, First International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks, Geneva, Switzerland, February, 2003.
  139. Understanding Gigabit Ethernet Performance on Sun Fire Systems,
    J. Huang, Performance/Availability Engineering Sun Blueprints OnLine, February, 2003.
    http://www.sun.com/blueprints
  140. Choosing an Ethernet NIC for Linux 2.4
    [A web page giving some basic information about ethernet cards]
  141. Initial End to End Performance Evaluation of 10 Gigabit Ethernet (Paper)
    Justin (Gus) Hurwitz, Wu-chun Feng (LANL), Hot Interconnects, 2003.
  142. Small 3 Page Report on Performance of 10 Gigabit Ethernet from CERN
    A. Hirstius and S. Jarp, April 2003.

    Offloading TCP Processing

  143. TCP Offload Is a Dumb Idea whose Time Has Come
    Jeffrey C. Mogul, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 9th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS IX), May, 2003.
  144. ETA: Experience with an Intel Xeon Processor as a Packet Processing Engine,
    Greg Regnier, Dave Minturn, Gary McAlpine, Vikram Saletore, Annie Foong, Hot Interconnects 11, August 2003.
  145. Server Network Scalability and TCP Offload,
    Doug Freimuth, Elbert Hu, Jason LaVoie, Ronald Mraz, Erich Nahum, Prashant Pradhan, and John Tracey
    USENIX Annual Technical Conference, April 2005.