Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 28 (2025), Article 25.3.7

Connections Between Combinations Without Specified Separations and Strongly Restricted Permutations, Compositions, and Bit Strings


Michael A. Allen
Physics Department
Faculty of Science
Mahidol University
Rama 6 Road
Bangkok 10400
Thailand

Abstract:

Let $S_n$ and $S_{n,k}$ be, respectively, the number of subsets and $k$-subsets of $\mathbb{N}_n=\{1,\ldots,n\}$ such that no two subset elements differ by an element of the set $\mathcal{Q}$, the largest element of which is $q$. We prove a bijection between such $k$-subsets when $\mathcal{Q}=\{m,2m,\ldots,jm\}$ with $j,m>0$ and permutations $\pi$ of $\mathbb{N}_{n+jm}$ with $k$ excedances satisfying $\pi(i)-i\in\{-m,0,jm\}$ for all $i\in\mathbb{N}_{n+jm}$. We also identify a bijection between another class of restricted permutation and the cases $\mathcal{Q}=\{1,q\}$ and derive the generating function for $S_n$ when $q=4,5,6$. We give some classes of $\mathcal{Q}$ for which $S_n$ is also the number of compositions of $n+q$ into a given set of allowed parts. We also prove a bijection between $k$-subsets for a class of $\mathcal{Q}$ and the set representations of size $k$ of equivalence classes for the occurrence of a given length-($q+1$) subword within bit strings. We then formulate a straightforward procedure for obtaining the generating function for the number of such equivalence classes.


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(Concerned with sequences A000045 A000079 A000930 A003269 A003520 A005708 A005709 A005710 A006498 A006500 A007318 A011973 A031923 A079972 A102547 A121832 A130137 A177485 A224809 A224810 A224811 A224812 A224813 A224814 A224815 A259278 A263710 A276106 A317669 A322405 A329146 A351874 A368244 A374737 A375185 A375186 A375981 A375982 A375983 A375985 A376033 A385870.)


Received August 31 2024; revised versions received September 2 2024; February 14 2025; July 14 2025; July 17 2025. Published in Journal of Integer Sequences, July 19 2025.


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