Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 27 (2024), Article 24.3.5

Decomposable Forms Generated by Linear Recurrences


Kálmán Győry
Institute of Mathematics
University of Debrecen
Egyetem tér 1
Debrecen H4032
Hungary

Attila Pethő
Institute of Computer Sciences
University of Debrecen
Kassai út 26
Debrecen H4028
Hungary

László Szalay
Department of Mathematics
J. Selye University
Hradná 21
Komárno 945 01
Slovakia
and
Institute of Informatics and Mathematics
University of Sopron
Bajcsy Zs. utca 4
Sopron H9400
Hungary

Abstract:

Consider k ≥ 2 distinct, linearly independent, homogeneous linear recurrences of order k satisfying the same recurrence relation. We prove that the recurrences are related to a decomposable form of degree k, and there is a general identity with a suitable exponential expression depending on the recurrences. This identity is a common and very broad generalization of several known identities. Further, if the recurrences are integer sequences, then the diophantine equation associated with the decomposable form and the exponential term has infinitely many integer solutions generated by the terms of the recurrences. We describe a method for the complete factorization of the decomposable form. Both the form and its decomposition are explicitly given if k = 2, and we present a typical example for k = 3. The basic tool we use is the matrix method.


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(Concerned with sequences A000032 A000045 A000930 A001609.)


Received November 10 2023; revised versions received February 14 2024; February 22 2024. Published in Journal of Integer Sequences, March 1 2024.


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