Enumeration of Dyck Paths with Air Pockets
Jean-Luc Baril, Sergey Kirgizov, Rémi Maréchal, and
Vincent Vajnovszki
LIB
Université de Bourgogne
B.P. 47 870
21078 Dijon-Cedex
France
Abstract:
We introduce and study the new combinatorial class of Dyck paths
with air pockets. We exhibit a bijection with the peakless Motzkin
paths, which transports several pattern statistics, and give bivariate
generating functions for the distribution of patterns as peaks, returns,
and pyramids. Then we deduce the popularities and asymptotic expectations
of these patterns, and point out a link between the popularity of pyramids
and a special kind of closed smooth self-overlapping curves, a subset of
Fibonacci meanders. Finally, we conduct a similar study for non-decreasing
Dyck paths with air pockets.
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(Concerned with sequences
A000108
A001006
A001519
A004148
A005043
A034839
A045891
A051291
A089732
A093128
A098086
A098156
A099036
A110320
A175657
A201631
A203611.)
Received September 6 2022; revised versions received March 3 2023, March 6 2023, March 8 2023, March 9 2023.
Published in Journal of Integer Sequences,
March 9 2023.
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