Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 26 (2023), Article 23.7.3

On Longest Increasing Subsequences in Words in Which All Multiplicities are Equal


Ferenc Balogh
Department of Mathematics
John Abbott College
21275 Lakeshore Road
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, PQ H9X 3L9
Canada

Abstract:

Gessel's famous Bessel determinant formula gives the generating function of the number of permutations without increasing subsequences of a given length. Ekhad and Zeilberger proposed the challenge of finding a suitable generalization for permutations of multisets in which all multiplicities are equal, that is, to count words of length rn from an alphabet consisting of n letters in which each letter appears exactly r times and which have no increasing subsequences of length d. In this paper we present such a generating function expressible as a multiple integral of the product of a Gessel-type Toeplitz determinant with the exponentiated cycle index polynomial of the symmetric group on r elements.


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(Concerned with sequences A220097 A266734 A266735 A266737 A266741 A267479 A267480.)


Received October 18 2015; revised versions received June 15 2023; June 27 2023. Published in Journal of Integer Sequences, July 24 2023.


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