% BibTeX standard bibliography style `plain'
% version 0.99a for BibTeX versions 0.99a or later, LaTeX version 2.09.
% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than
% btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, and abbrv.bst.
% This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical.
% The file btxbst.doc has the documentation for this style.

% ... well, sort of.  This bibliography style is like "plain",
% except that whatever is defined in the 'key' field appears
% in brackets before the entry (instead of a number).  A line
% is also skipped after the bracketed key.  I changed output.bibitem
% to do this.
%		Eric Bach 12/7/89.

% 5/27/90
% changed the "article" function so that the journal
% volume comes out in bold. (Added a new "bold" function
% to take care of this.)

% 7/21/91
% fixed the "article" function so that it comes out
%     J. Irrep. Res. {\bf 17} (1989), 333-334.
% to do this, had to:
%	remove format.vol.num.pages
%	add a function format.year.parens
%
% changed format.bvolume so it says "Vol." for books, not "volume".

% 11/1/2012  C. Caldwell
% I commented out the presort that used the keys, returned to standard author sorting
% (someone else had already changed the from the 'key' field back to numbers)
% I also added %cc% repeatedly to comment out "new.block"s (this was done to get commas,
% rather than periods between fields such as the author and title.

ENTRY
{ address
author
booktitle
chapter
edition
editor
howpublished
institution
journal
key
month
note
number
organization
pages
papernum
publisher
school
series
title
type
url
volume
year
}
{}
{ label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
{ output.state after.block =
{ add.period$ write$
newline$
"\newblock " write$
}
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}


FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
"\bibitem{" write$
cite$ write$
"}" write$
newline$
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
write$
newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
swap$ empty$
and
'skip$
'new.sentence
if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {bold}		% new!
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {typewriter}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\verb!" swap$ * "!" * }
if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{ numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
{ "" }
{ author format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ editor format.names
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ ", editors" * }
{ ", editor" * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
{ "" }
{ title "t" change.case$ }
if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
""
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
{ month empty$
{ "" }
{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
month
}
if$
}
{ month empty$
'year
{ month " " * year * }
if$
}
if$
}

% new !

FUNCTION {format.year.parens}
{ year empty$
{
"there's no year in " cite$ * warning$
}
{
"(" year ")" * *
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ % "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
"Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
'skip$
{ " of " * series emphasize * }
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ series field.or.null }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ "number" }
{ "Number" }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect
series empty$
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ " in " * series * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
{ "" }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
{ edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
if$
}
if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ pages multi.page.check
{ "pp. " pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
{ "p. " pages tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num}
{ volume bold field.or.null
number empty$
'skip$
{ "(" number * ")" * *
volume empty$
{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}

%	FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
%	{ volume field.or.null
%	  number empty$
%	    'skip$
%	    { "(" number * ")" * *
%	      volume empty$
%		{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
%		'skip$
%	      if$
%	    }
%	  if$
%	  pages empty$
%	    'skip$
%	    { duplicate$ empty$
%		{ pop$ format.pages }
%		{ ":" * pages n.dashify * }
%	      if$
%	    }
%	  if$
%	}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
'format.pages
{ type empty$
{ "chapter" }
{ type "l" change.case$ }
if$
chapter tie.or.space.connect
pages empty$
'skip$
{ ", " * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ editor empty$
{ "In " booktitle emphasize * }
{ "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
and and and and and
key empty$ not and
{ "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
'skip$
{ pop$
type "t" change.case$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ "Technical Report" }
'type
if$
number empty$
{ "t" change.case$ }
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
{ journal empty$
{ "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
warning$
""
}
{ "In {\em " journal * "\/}" * }
if$
}
{ "In " key * }
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
editor num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$ " et~al." * }
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al." * }
{ " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
"In "
}
{ "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
" of " *
}
if$
editor empty$
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty$
{ series empty$
{ "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
"" *
}
{ "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
if$
}
{ key * }
if$
}
{ format.crossref.editor * }
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty$
{ booktitle empty$
{ "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
""
}
{ "In {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
if$
}
{ "In " key * }
if$
}
{ "In " format.crossref.editor * }
if$
" \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
crossref missing$
{
journal emphasize " " *
% should check that journal actually exists!!
format.vol.num " " *
format.year.parens * * "year" output.check
pages n.dashify output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {eearticle}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
crossref missing$
{
journal emphasize " " *
% should check that journal actually exists!!
format.vol.num " " *
format.year.parens * * "year" output.check
pages n.dashify output
url typewriter output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {articlenovol}
% article in journal like BEATCS that has
% numbers but not volumes
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
crossref missing$
{
journal emphasize output
"No.\ " number * output
"(" format.date * ")" * output
pages n.dashify output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {earticle}
% this is a style for electronic articles without page numbers
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
crossref missing$
{
journal emphasize " " *
% should check that journal actually exists!!
format.vol.num " " *
format.year.parens * * "year" output.check
papernum " (electronic)" * output
url typewriter output
}
{ format.article.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}


FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
%cc% new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.bvolume output
%cc% new.block
format.number.series output
%cc% new.sentence
publisher "publisher" output.check
address output
}
{ new.block
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.edition output
format.date "year" output.check
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
howpublished address new.block.checkb
howpublished output
address output
format.date output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
%cc% new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ format.bvolume output
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
new.block
format.number.series output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" output.check
address output
}
{ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
new.block
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.edition output
format.date "year" output.check
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.chapter.pages output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" output.check
address output
format.edition output
format.date "year" output.check
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.chapter.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
format.pages output
address empty$
{ organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
organization output
publisher output
format.date "year" output.check
}
{ address output.nonnull
format.date "year" output.check
new.sentence
organization output
publisher output
}
if$
}
{ format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.pages output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ organization empty$
'skip$
{ organization output.nonnull
address output
}
if$
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull }
if$
%cc% new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
author empty$
{ organization empty$
{ address new.block.checka
address output
}
'skip$
if$
}
{ organization address new.block.checkb
organization output
address output
}
if$
format.edition output
format.date output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
"Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
format.date "year" output.check
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output
%cc% title howpublished new.block.checkb
format.title output
%cc% howpublished new.block.checka
howpublished output
format.date output
new.block
note output
fin.entry
empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
"PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
school "school" output.check
address output
format.date "year" output.check
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
editor empty$
{ organization output }
{ format.editors output.nonnull }
if$
%cc% new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
address empty$
{ editor empty$
{ publisher new.sentence.checka }
{ organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
organization output
}
if$
publisher output
format.date "year" output.check
}
{ address output.nonnull
format.date "year" output.check
new.sentence
editor empty$
'skip$
{ organization output }
if$
publisher output
}
if$
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.tr.number output.nonnull
institution "institution" output.check
address output
format.date "year" output.check
new.block
note output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
%cc% new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
note "note" output.check
format.date output
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
"l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 >
{ "   " * }
'skip$
if$
s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
{ "et al" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.organization.sort
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.organization.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
}
if$
"    "
*
year field.or.null sortify
*
"    "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}

%FUNCTION {presort}
%{ cite$ sortify
%  'sort.key$ :=
%}


ITERATE {presort}

SORT

STRINGS { longest.label }

INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
#1 'number.label :=
#0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
label width$ longest.label.width >
{ label 'longest.label :=
label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
}
'skip$
if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {longest.label.pass}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" * write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
"\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}