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Ramanujan Primes:
Bounds, Runs, Twins, and Gaps
Jonathan Sondow
209 West 97th Street
New York, NY  10025
USA
mailto:jsondow@alumni.princeton.edujsondow@alumni.princeton.edu

John W. Nicholson
P. O. Box 2423
Arlington, TX  76004
USA
mailto:reddwarf2956@yahoo.comreddwarf2956@yahoo.com

Tony D. Noe
14025 NW Harvest Lane
Portland, OR  97229
USA
mailto:noe@sspectra.comnoe@sspectra.com

Abstract:

The $ n$th Ramanujan prime is the smallest positive integer $ R_n$ such that if $ x \ge R_n$, then the interval $ \left(\frac12x,x\right]$ contains at least $ n$ primes. We sharpen Laishram's theorem that $ R_n <
p_{3n}$ by proving that the maximum of $ R_n/p_{3n}$ is $ R_5/p_{15} =
41/47$. We give statistics on the length of the longest run of Ramanujan primes among all primes $ p<10^n$, for $ n\le9$. We prove that if an upper twin prime is Ramanujan, then so is the lower; a table gives the number of twin primes below $ 10^n$ of three types. Finally, we relate runs of Ramanujan primes to prime gaps. Along the way we state several conjectures and open problems. An appendix explains Noe's fast algorithm for computing $ R_1,R_2,\dotsc,R_n$.



Jeffrey Shallit 2011-05-17