Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 27 (2024), Article 24.2.4

A Subfamily of Skew Dyck Paths Related to k-ary Trees


Yuxuan Zhang
Department of Statistical Science
Duke University
Durham, NC 27708
USA

Yan Zhuang
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
Davidson College
405 N. Main St.
Davidson, NC 28035
USA

Abstract:

We introduce a subfamily of skew Dyck paths called box paths and show that they are in bijection with pairs of ternary trees, confirming an observation stated previously on the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. More generally, we define k-box paths, which are in bijection with (k + 1)-tuples of (k + 2)-ary trees. A bijection is given between k-box paths and a subfamily of kt-Dyck paths, as well as a bijection with a subfamily of (k,l)-threshold sequences. We also study the refined enumeration of k-box paths by the number of returns and the number of long ascents. Notably, the distribution of long ascents over k-box paths generalizes the Narayana distribution on Dyck paths, and we find that (k − 3)-box paths with exactly two long ascents provide a combinatorial model for the second k-gonal numbers.


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(Concerned with sequences A128728 A143603.)


Received August 1 2023; revised version received November 21 2023. Published in Journal of Integer Sequences, January 19 2024.


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